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预警卫星、侦察卫星、反导卫星、资源探测卫星、气象卫星都需要高灵敏的长波红外探测器、多光谱扫描器、红外辐射计、天体测量探测器等专用仪器。这些光电探测器通常都必须在低温下工作,以提高灵敏度、缩短响应时间、拉宽响应波长范围、降低本底噪声。例如,工作波长为8～14微米的锗掺汞探测器要在30K 左右的低温下工作,汞镉碲探测器要冷却到80～100K。
Early warning satellites, reconnaissance satellites, anti-satellite satellites, resource exploration satellites, meteorological satellites require sensitive long-wave infrared detectors, multi-spectral scanners, infrared radiometers, astrometry detectors and other special instruments. These photodetectors typically have to operate at low temperatures to increase sensitivity, reduce response time, widen response wavelength range, and reduce noise floor. For example, the working wavelength of 8 to 14 microns germanium doped mercury detector to about 30K low temperature work, mercury cadmium telluride detector to be cooled to 80 ~ 100K.