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探索小麦(Triticum aestivum)叶绿素合成及叶绿体形成发育的遗传和生理机制对小麦高光效育种具有重要意义。为研究叶色变异形成的生理机制及其对叶绿体形成发育的影响,本研究以新创制的3个黄绿小麦近等基因系(near-isogenic lines,NILs)(黄化系1-20YY、黄绿系1-20YG和绿色系1-20GG)为材料,研究不同发育时期的叶片可溶性物质含量和抗氧化酶系统活力等性状,并对其叶绿体形态结构进行了比较分析。结果表明,叶色黄化对叶片可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量的影响远大于其对游离脯氨酸含量的影响,除苗期黄化系1-20YY的可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量显著低于黄绿系1-20YG和绿色系1-20GG(P<0.05),各发育期黄绿系1-20YG的可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量与绿色系1-20GG的差异不显著。同时,叶色黄化对叶片抗氧化酶系统的活性有一定的影响,其中对过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性的影响大于其对超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(hydrogen peroxidase,CAT)活性的影响。从3个NILs的叶绿体形态结构比较分析结果可以看出,黄化系1-20YY叶绿体多呈不规则状且分布趋向叶肉细胞中央,其基质类囊体和基粒类囊体不发达且联结不紧密,与绿色系1-20GG叶绿体形态结构差异明显;而黄绿系1-20YG叶绿体形态与绿色系1-20GG有差异,多呈近球形,但其超微结构与1-20GG系基本一致,基质类囊体和基粒类囊体较发达且联结较为紧密。研究结果为进一步探讨叶色黄化的生物学机制提供了基础资料。
It is important to explore the genetic and physiological mechanisms of chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development in wheat (Triticum aestivum). In order to study the physiological mechanism of leaf color variation and its effect on the formation and development of chloroplasts, three newly-developed green-wheat lines NILs (1-3YY, The green line 1-20YG and the green line 1-20GG) were used as materials to study the content of leaf soluble matter and antioxidant enzyme activity in different developmental stages. The morphological structure of chloroplasts was also compared. The results showed that the effects of leaf color yellowing on soluble sugar content and soluble protein content in leaves were far greater than those on free proline content except soluble sugar content and soluble protein content (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in soluble sugar content and soluble protein content between 1-20YG and 1-20GG of green line 1-20YG in each developmental stage. At the same time, leaf color yellowing had a certain impact on the activity of antioxidant enzyme system, and the effect on peroxidase (POD) activity was greater than that of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidation Hydrogenase (hydrogen peroxidase, CAT) activity. From the results of comparative analysis of the morphological structure of three NILs, it can be seen that the chloroplasts of the Euramerican 1-20YY are mostly irregular in shape and distributed toward the center of mesophyll cells. The stroma and the basal thylakoid are underdeveloped and the linkage is not The morphological structure of chloroplast of 1-20GG was similar to that of green line. The morphology of chloroplast of green line 1-20YG was different from that of green line 1-20GG, mostly spherical, but its ultrastructure was similar to that of 1-20GG. The stroma thylakoids and grana thylakoids are more developed and more closely linked. The results provide the basic information for further exploring the biological mechanism of leaf color yellowing.