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目的探讨职业危害因素对一线女工生殖机能的影响,为女工的职业防护提供保护措施。方法对机械、化工、建材等企业的女工进行职业健康查体,将其分为暴露组和对照组,由职业病和妇产科医师进行问卷调查,并分析得到的数据。结果暴露组女工月经异常率高于对照组(χ2=12.40,P<0.01),月经异常主要表现在周期(χ2=10.85)和经量(χ2=13.94),两者发生率与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);暴露组女工子宫肌瘤发病率高于对照组(χ2=14.22,P<0.01),卵巢癌的发病率两组差异没有统计学意义(χ2=0.68,P>0.05),但有增高趋势;暴露组的自然流产率(χ2=21.30)、死胎率(χ2=8.35)明显高于对照组(均P<0.01),它们发生的几率分别为对照组的3.0倍、4.3倍。结论职业危害因素对女工生殖机能有明显影响,应加强女工的职业保护意识,切实提高女工的职业保护水平,把健康保护落到实处。
Objective To explore the impact of occupational hazards on the reproductive function of women workers in front line and to provide protective measures for the occupational protection of women workers. Methods The occupational health examination of female workers in machinery, chemical industry, building materials and other enterprises was divided into exposure group and control group, questionnaire survey was conducted by occupational diseases and obstetrics and gynecology physicians, and the data were analyzed. Results The abnormal menstruation rate of exposed women was higher than that of the control group (χ2 = 12.40, P <0.01). The abnormal menstruation mainly manifested in the cycle (χ2 = 10.85) and the longitude (χ2 = 13.94) (Χ2 = 14.22, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of ovarian cancer between the two groups (χ2 = 0.68, P <0.01). The incidence of uterine fibroids in the exposed group was higher than that in the control group (Χ2 = 8.35) was significantly higher than that of the control group (all P <0.01), and the incidence of spontaneous abortion rate (P <0.05) was higher in the control group 3.0 times, 4.3 times. Conclusion Occupational hazard factors have a significant impact on the reproductive function of female workers. Women workers should strengthen their occupational protection awareness, effectively improve the occupational protection level of female workers, and implement the health protection.