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国家官员外国刑事管辖豁免问题是国际法领域的一个传统议题,它根源于国家主权原则,历来受到习惯国际法的调整。随着国际刑法和国际人权法的发展,这一议题也不断受到挑战和反思。从2007年开始,联合国国际法委员会开始把这一专题列入其工作方案,以实现“国际法之逐渐发展与编纂”。通过考察国际法委员会关于此专题的报告和争议点可以发现,其核心之争仍在于其重点究竟是应该进一步确认授予国家官员外国刑事管辖豁免,抑或明确国家官员不能享有外国刑事管辖豁免的所有例外情形。在主权国家仍作为国际法最主要主体的今天,为了国家间正常交往和国际关系之稳定,仍应以确认授予国家官员外国刑事管辖豁免为原则——事实上,这也是迄今国际法委员会关于此专题的工作方法和最新进展之体现,按照特别报告员的工作计划,其将在2016年提交给国际法委员会的第八份报告中分析国家官员外国刑事管辖豁免的限制和例外问题。
The issue of the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction is a traditional issue in the field of international law. It stems from the principle of national sovereignty and has always been subject to the adjustment of customary international law. With the development of international criminal law and international human rights law, this issue is constantly challenged and reconsidered. Since 2007, the United Nations Commission on International Law has started to include this topic in its work program in order to achieve “the progressive development and codification of international law.” By examining the reports and disputes of the International Law Commission on this topic, one can see that the core of the dispute remains whether its focus should be on further identifying all exceptions granted to foreign officials under the jurisdiction of State officials, or to clarifying that State officials are not entitled to immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction . Today, as the most important subject of international law, sovereign countries are still the principle of normal diplomatic relations and the stability of international relations. The principle of granting immunity to foreign criminal jurisdiction granted to State officials should still be the principle - in fact, this is also the most important issue for the International Law Commission so far Working methods and recent developments, it will analyze the limitations and exceptions to the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction in the eighth report submitted to the International Law Commission in 2016 in accordance with the Special Rapporteur’s work plan.