夏代是否为中国奴隶社会的开始,是否出现了国家,这是史学、考古学界长期以来关注的一个问题,也是历史教学中的重要课题之一.在过去的研究中,有这样几种主要意见:有的认为在夏代以前,甚至远在传说中的黄帝时期已出现了国家;有的认为国家的形成是在夏代以后,乃至到殷末周初;也有的则认为中国古代国家是在夏代产生的.如何进一步探讨中国古代国家的形成,我们认为应当实事求是地通过一些重要的具体事例去分别进行研究,并在此基础上加以分析、综合,得出切合实际的结论.本文拟就河南偃师二里头遗址的考古发掘,并结合古代文献资料探讨如下: Whether the Xia Dynasty was the beginning of the Chinese slavery society or not, whether there was a state or not, is one of the problems that historians and archeologists have long been concerned about, and also one of the important topics in history teaching.In the past researches, there were several main opinions: Some thought that before the Xia Dynasty, even in the legendary Yellow Emperor period, the country had already appeared. Some believed that the state was formed after the Xia Dynasty and even the end of the Yin Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty. Others thought that the ancient Chinese country was born in the Xia Dynasty How to further explore the formation of the ancient Chinese nation, we think that we should study it through some important concrete examples according to the facts and on the basis of which we can analyze, synthesize and reach the realistic conclusions.This paper is about the second Yanshi Archaeological excavations inside the site, combined with the ancient literature and information as follows: