论文部分内容阅读
[目的]调查影响芦山地震灾区学前儿童心理健康的家庭因素,为提高学前儿童心理健康和改善家庭环境提供科学依据。[方法]采用随机抽样方法,抽取芦山地震一个月后的灾区700名学前儿童(灾区组)和安徽阜阳非灾区300名学前儿童(对照组),用学前儿童健康心理测评量表和家庭环境量表对儿童家长进行调查,采用成组比较t检验比较两组得分,并对二者关系进行相关和回归分析。[结果]灾区组、对照组分别回收有效问卷628、260份。灾区组学前儿童心理健康问题总分为(125.281±7.344)分,情绪障碍(2.135±0.199)分、性格缺陷(1.834±0.239)分、社会适应不良(1.640±0.219)分、其他障碍(1.902±0.237)分,均高于对照组[分别为(115.860±8.584)、(1.672±0.227)、(1.798±0.263)、(1.614±0.248)、(1.526±0.189)分],均P<0.05。灾区组学前儿童家庭环境在独立性(5.020±1.956)分、成就性(2.977±1.901)分、知识性(3.973±1.775)分、娱乐性(3.025±1.433)分,均低于对照组[分别为(5.265±1.406)、(6.445±1.345)、(4.250±1.761)、(4.120±1.520)分],均P<0.05。家庭环境中的亲密度与情绪障碍、性格缺陷(r=-0.147、-0.087),成就性与品性障碍(r=-0.112),知识性与情绪障碍、性格缺陷、社会适应不良、品性障碍(r=-0.130、-0.127、-0.112、-0.092),娱乐性与情绪障碍(r=-0.196),组织性与其他障碍(r=-0.089)呈负相关(均P<0.05或P<0.01);而家庭环境中的矛盾性与情绪障碍、性格缺陷(r=0.208、0.174,P<0.01)呈正相关。逐步回归分析发现,娱乐性(x1)、亲密度(x2)、情感表达(x3)和知识性(x5)因子能正向预测学前儿童心理健康,矛盾性(x4)能反向预测心理健康,回归方程为?=1.745x1+1.608x2+0.924x3-0.307x4+0.650x5;其联合预测心理健康82.0%的变异量。[结论]芦山地震灾区学前儿童心理健康状况较差,家庭环境因子中娱乐性、亲密度、情感表达和知识性是影响灾区学前儿童心理健康的重要因素。
[Objective] To investigate the family factors that affect the mental health of pre-school children in Lushan earthquake-stricken area and provide scientific basis for improving the mental health of preschool children and improving the family environment. [Methods] A total of 700 pre-school children (disaster area group) and 300 pre-school children (control group) from non-disaster area in Fuyang of Anhui Province were sampled after a month of Lushan earthquake by using a random sampling method. Pre-school children’s mental health assessment scale and family environment quantity The questionnaire was used to investigate the children’s parents. The scores of the two groups were compared by the t-test of group comparison, and the correlation and regression analysis were carried out. [Results] The quake-hit groups and the control group respectively collected 628,260 valid questionnaires. The total score of mental health of preschool children in the disaster area was (125.281 ± 7.344), mood disorder (2.135 ± 0.199), personality defect (1.834 ± 0.239), social dysfunction (1.640 ± 0.219), other disorders (1.902 ± 0.237), which were higher than that of the control group [(115.860 ± 8.584), (1.672 ± 0.227), (1.798 ± 0.263), (1.614 ± 0.248) and (1.526 ± 0.189) points, respectively. The family environment of preschool children in disaster area was lower than that of control group (5.020 ± 1.956), achievement (2.977 ± 1.901), knowledge (3.973 ± 1.775), entertainment (3.025 ± 1.433) (5.265 ± 1.406), (6.445 ± 1.345), (4.250 ± 1.761) and (4.120 ± 1.520) respectively, all P <0.05. Intimacy and Emotional Disorder in Family Environment, Personality Defects (r = -0.147, -0.087), Achievement and Personality Disorders (r = -0.112), Knowledge and Emotional Disorders, Personality Defects, Social Adaptation, Quality (R = -0.130, -0.127, -0.112, -0.092), entertainment and mood disorder (r = -0.196), and histology were negatively correlated with other disorders (r = -0.089) (all P <0.05 or P <0.01). However, the contradictions in family environment were positively correlated with mood disorders and personality defects (r = 0.208, 0.164, P <0.01). Stepwise regression analysis showed that entertaining (x1), intimacy (x2), emotion expression (x3) and knowledge (x5) factors positively predicted the mental health of preschool children. Contradiction (x4) The regression equation was? = 1.745x1 + 1.608x2 + 0.924x3-0.307x4 + 0.650x5; and its combined prediction of 82.0% of the variation in mental health. [Conclusion] The pre-school children in Lushan earthquake-stricken area have poor mental health status. Entertaining, intimacy, emotional expression and knowledge of family environment factors are important factors affecting the mental health of pre-school children in disaster-stricken areas.