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道统是儒家学派的重要概念。在历史上,中国唐代的韩愈率先明确提出了从尧传之孟子的传承谱系,承认道统由帝王向师儒的转移,以之抵抗佛老之学。时隔一千年,日本江户时代的荻生徂徕在承认道统从尧至孔子一脉相承的同时,却对先王之道和儒家之道严加区分,否认孟子是先王学说的继承人,批判宋儒的学说、观点,力图对传统的道统学说进行重建,恢复先王之道的治国平天下的政治性。通过韩愈和徂徕关于道统学说的比较研究,可以明白中国儒家学说在日本的流传、影响和日本儒学在批判、继承中国儒学基础上的独特发展。
Taoism is an important concept of Confucianism. Historically, Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty of China took the lead in clearly setting forth the lineage inherited from Yao’s Mencius, recognizing the transfer of Taoism from emperor to Confucianism and Confucianism and resisting Buddhism and Taoism. A thousand years later, while Japan’s Edo period, which recognized the Taoist tradition from Yao to Confucius, severely discriminated the pre-emperor’s way of Confucianism, denied that Mencius was the heir of the pre-emperor doctrine and criticized Song’s Doctrine and viewpoint, trying hard to reconstruct the traditional doctrine of the Taoist tradition and restore the political nature of governing the country by the way of the kings. Through the comparative study of the theory of Taoism and Han Yu by Han Yu, we can understand the spread and influence of Chinese Confucianism in Japan and the unique development of Japanese Confucianism on the basis of criticism and inheritance of Chinese Confucianism.