商品生产与社会公正取代市场调节的中央指令性生产计划和管理是建立在占有和管理国家化的基础之上的。从表面上看,国家化使所有的人都成了所有者,因而消除了劳动者同生产资料、生产成果及管理的异化。但事实上却是在新的基础上异化,因为实际上唯一的直接占有者是国家,更确切些说,是国家机关和部门。国家机关和部门的利益被当作全民利益。集中管理愈简单,要求就愈严格,管理对象和种类也就愈广。而且,部门是对创造中间产品,而不是对最终产品负责。这一切总合起来,势必导致一方面贪大求全,另一方面是“为生产”而生产和为军事需要而生产。不 The Central Command Production Plan and Management, in which commodity production and social justice replaced market regulation, were based on the nationalization of possession and management. On the surface, nationalization made all people owners, thus eliminating the alienation of workers from the means of production, production and management. But in reality they are alienating on a new basis because in fact the only direct occupier is the state or, more precisely, the state organs and departments. The interests of state organs and departments are treated as the interests of the people. The simpler the centralized management, the more stringent the requirements are and the wider the management objects and types. Moreover, the department is responsible for creating intermediate products, not for the final product. Taken together, this will inevitably lead to the gratification of one on the one hand and to the production of “for production” on the other and to the production of military needs. Do not