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目的:分析北京地坛医院收治的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的复阳情况，探讨其发生的危险因素，并评估免疫功能与病毒核酸复阳的关系。方法:随访2020年1月至2020年8月于北京地坛医院住院诊治并出院的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者，分为复阳组和非复阳组。比较两组患者的人口学特征、临床表现、实验室检查等指标。结果:共纳入554例出院患者，其中复阳患者107例，复阳率19.31%。与非复阳组相比，复阳组中性粒细胞计数、B淋巴细胞计数、国际标准化比值降低比例、肌酐水平较低，而中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞、血小板/淋巴细胞降低比例较高，差异均有统计学意义。进一步logistic回归分析，患者入院时国际标准化比值<1.1（n OR＝3.231，95%n CI：1.510~6.917）与B淋巴细胞计数≤200（n OR=15.791，95%n CI：5.315~46.917）是出院患者核酸检测再次阳性的危险因素。n 结论:细胞免疫与患者核酸再次阳性有关，B淋巴细胞计数≤200是患者核酸复阳的危险因素，除此之外，国际标准化比值<1.1也可作为预警指标，值得临床关注。“,”Objective:To analyze the situation of recurrent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among coronvirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Beijing Ditan Hospital, to explore the risk factors of the occurrence, and to evaluate the relationship between immune function and viral nucleic acid re-positive.Methods:The patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized and discharged from Beijing Ditan Hospital from January 2020 to August 2020 were followed and divided into the recurrent group and the non-recurrent group. The demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations and laboratory tests of the two groups were compared.Results:A total of 554 discharged patients were enrolled, including 107 patients (19.31%) of recurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Compared with the non-recurrent group, the neutrophil count, B lymphocyte count, international standardized ratio and creatinine level in the recurrent group were lower, while the percentages of decreased neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios were higher in the recurrent group, and the differences were statistically significant. Further logistic regression analysis showed that the international standardized ratio<1.1 (n OR=3.231, 95%n CI: 1.510-6.917) and B lymphocyte count≤200 (n OR=15.791, 95%n CI: 5.315-46.917) were the risk factors for re-positive nucleic acid test among discharged patients.n Conclusions:Cellular immunity was related to re-positive of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. B lymphocyte count≤200 was the risk factor of nucleic acid re-positive. The international standardized ratio <1.1 may be used as early warning indicator and should be paid attention in clinical practice.