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乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)母婴传播已为人所共知,许多研究者正在致力于HBV母婴传播阻断措施的研究。目前关于婴儿受感染时间、感染方式、母婴对HBV的免疫应答以及阻断措施等方面仍在进行深入的探讨。本文就上述问题的国外动态综合概述如下。一、母亲患急性乙型肝炎对婴儿的影响Schweitzer报告,妊娠前期、中期患乙型肝炎的妇女,其婴儿HBsAg阳性率为10%;妊娠后期或产褥期患乙型肝炎,其婴儿HBsAg阳性率为76%。荒川综合了9名作者的研究结果后指出,妊娠前期、中期患乙型肝炎者,婴儿HBV感染率为17.4%(4/23),妊娠后期或产褥期患乙型肝炎者,婴儿HBV感染率为68.9%(31/45)。妊娠后期感染率高的原因可能与胎盘的渗漏及宫缩增加有关。Wong报道,第一产程持续时间1～5小时,脐带血HBsAg阳性率为
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) mother-to-child transmission is well known and many researchers are working on the study of HBV mother-to-child transmission block. At present, the infants’ time of infection, the way of infection, the immune response against HBV and the blocking measures are still under investigation. This article summarizes the foreign developments in the above issues as follows. First, the impact of maternal acute hepatitis B on infants Schweitzer report, pre-pregnancy, mid-term hepatitis B women, the infant HBsAg positive rate was 10%; late pregnancy or puerperal hepatitis B, the HBsAg positive rate of infants 76%. Arakawa synthesis of the findings of nine authors pointed out that in pre-pregnancy, mid-term hepatitis B were infected, the infant HBV infection rate was 17.4% (4/23), during or after pregnancy in patients with hepatitis B, the incidence of HBV infection in infants 68.9% (31/45). The high incidence of late pregnancy may be due to placental leakage and uterine contractions may be related. Wong reported that the first stage of labor duration of 1 to 5 hours, umbilical cord blood HBsAg positive rate