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阅读理解题是中考英语的测试重点，也是中考英语试题中卷面分值最高的一种题型。它主要考查同学们通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力。可以说，没有足够的语言基础知识和一定的阅读技巧是很难做好这类题的。那么，做阅读理解题时，同学们常犯什么错误呢？这些错误应该怎样避免？下面就以2007年中考试题为例，把同学们在做阅读理解过程中易犯的错误进行归类分析，以便帮助同学们及时把这些错误一网打尽！
一、信息错位，表里不一
1. 阅读文章时信息错位。
2. 把题目考查的内容与文章的信息对应时出错，也就是关键句的确认失误。
范例剖析
【例题】 （2007年福建福州）Beijing-Shanghai Railway was completed in 1968. …
Since opening, it has been one of the busiest routes in our country. The Beijing-Shanghai Route is now served by 10 trains a day, five of which are non-stop. The journey time is just under 12 hours. Now trains are allowed to travel at 250 kph (kilometers per hour) and the journey time is only 10 hours.
文中的第三题：When the Beijing-Shanghai train runs at 250 kph, the passengers spend ____ on the train.
A. ten hours B. twelve hoursC. one day D. two days
【典型错误】此题有的同学很容易误选B。这是由于没有细心阅读文章第二段造成的。
【错因分析】这道题属于直观性问题。出题者直接引用原文中的语句或根据原句稍加改动而编成。选B的同学只看到了“The journey time is justunder 12 hours”,其实这是就北京－上海铁路线上的总体情况而言的，在下句说得很明白：“Now trains are allowed to travel at 250 kph (kilometers per hour) and the journey time is only 10 hours”，也就是说全程也就只需要10小时了。
【正确答案】A。
【归纳拓展】这篇文章是有关火车大提速的新闻，与时事、新闻有关，所以在学习之余，同学们要多关注时事，经常浏览报纸、杂志和电视等媒体上的新闻，将对我们的学习产生很大帮助。
二、无据推理，张冠李戴
做题时，所作的推理在文章中找不到相应的依据。
2．在文章中找相应的依据时出现张冠李戴的情况。
范例剖析
【例题】(2007年安徽)“Sorry!Maybe I was too hard on you just now,”said the man. “Here’s $10.”
“Oh, thank you, Daddy!” he said happily. Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found that the boy already had money, he got angry again.
“Why do you want more money since you already have some?” the father shouted angrily. “Because I didn’t have enough, but now I do,” the little boy replied, “Daddy, I have $20 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you.”
文章第一题：From the passage, we can infer（推断） that the boy’s father ____.
A. often played with his son
B. spent little time with his son
C. didn’t love his son at all
D. often came back home early
【典型错误】此题同学们易误选C，因为通过上面的he got angry again，the father shouted angrily等处可以看到这个父亲对孩子很严厉，因此就误认为父亲不爱儿子。
【错因分析】出现错误的原因是同学们没能理解文章的主旨，仅仅根据父亲对于儿子生气的描写就错误地作出推断，认为父亲不爱儿子。
【正确答案】B。根据文章最后一句可知，父亲是回家晚，待在家的时间短，所以选择B项。
【归纳拓展】同学们在做这类题时绝不能粗心，更不能凭空想象，要结合文章的主旨大意，从已知到未知，作出合理的推测。平时练习时，要注意不仅要理解文章的细节，更要理解文章的主旨，这样，才可以作出正确的推理判断。
三、仅凭印象，胡乱猜词
1. 对于生词，抛弃上下文，仅仅根据自己的印象来猜测词义。
2. 没能掌握关键性词语的意思，在判断生词意思的时候出错。
范例剖析
【例题】（2007年安徽）“Daddy, could you lend me $10?”
The father was furious, “If you asked for the money to buy a toy or some other rubbish, then go straight to your room and think about why you are being so selfish（自私的）! ”…
Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found that the boy already had money, he got angry again.
文章第二题：In this passage, the underlined word “furious” means ____.
A. very angry B. quite happy
C. too excited D. a little nervous
【典型错误】有些同学根据furious后father的话进行判断，可能得出的结论是 a little nervous或者too excited等，因而错选C、D项。
【错因分析】造成这种错误的原因是同学们遇到生词后，不能从上下文来正确判断，而且没有掌握关键性词语的含义（如he got angry again）。
【正确答案】A。根据下文叙述的he got angry again可知，之前这个男孩的父亲是已经生过气了，再结合上下文，就可以确定答案为A。
【归纳拓展】对于词汇题目，一定要根据上下文去确定词义，切忌望文生义。在出现这种题目时，其下文往往有相应的解释：有的以破折号引出，有的以in other words等短语引出，有的以该词的反义形式进行说明，但无论哪种形式，在原文中都会有相应提示，解题时要多注意总结归纳。
四、无视主题，以点带面
1. 阅读时，没能掌握文章的主题或忽视了主题。
2. 做题时，只知其一，不知其二。
范例剖析
【例题】（2007年重庆） Jack Brown, an office worker, lives in Washington. He inherited (继承) a million dollars when he was 23, but he wasn’t happy at all.…He gave ﹩10,000 of his money to a charity (慈善机构) to help poor children live a better life. Today he is 36. He still wears cheap shoes and clothes and drives a small car only, but he is very happy.…
文章最后一题：What’s the main idea of the story? ____.
A. Help others, and you will feel happy
B. It’s necessary to write letters to poor children
C. Live a simple life, and you can give others help
D. It’s the most important to help the children in Africa
【典型错误】B、C、D
【错因分析】阅读时不能紧紧抓住文章主题，或者没有把握住作者写作此文的真正意图，只记住了一些零星事实而偏离了主旨轨道。本题的B、C、D都涉及了穷苦的孩子或者帮助别人的话题，但是都是片面理解文章之意。
【正确答案】A。
【归纳拓展】对这类文章主题思想归纳题，同学们应注意揣摩作者的写作意图以及文章的主旨，切忌片面、狭隘引申或简单重述文中某些内容，从而避免其他干扰项的影响。
链接：
阅读理解易错点拨
1．如何获取段落的主旨和大意
获取段落的主旨和大意，最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：
（1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其他主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
（2）句子结构比较简单，多数都不会采用长、难句的形式。
（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释支撑主题句所表述的主题思想。
2. 如何根据上下文猜测词义
猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读试题中有不少这样的题目。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：(1)根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑性推理；(2)运用语法知识进行语法分析；(3)依靠常识和经验做出判断。
根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种：
①根据定义或解释猜测词义。如：A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases. One is “to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”…Now when someone lets out a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag”.
短文后面有这样一个阅读理解题：John“lets the cat out of the bag”means he ____.
A. makes everyone know a secret
B. makes a woman buy a cat
C. buys a cat in the bag
D. sells the cat in the bag
在这篇文章里，“lets the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”，根据这一解释，我们就可以判断出正确答案应为A。
②根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。
例如：In the northeast of the United States, summer temperatures are very different from winter temperatures. Summer is usually hot, and winter is usually cold. Spring temperatures are warm, and fall temperatures are cool.
文后有这样一道阅读理解题：The word “fall” in this passage means ____.
A. drop B. down C. autumn D. spring
尽管fall一词，课本里没有出现过，但根据文中的并列关系，文中出现了夏季、冬季和春季，我们就可以猜出fall 就是autumn。
除了前面提到的方法外，还可以根据同义、反义、因果关系猜测词义。
一、信息错位，表里不一
1. 阅读文章时信息错位。
2. 把题目考查的内容与文章的信息对应时出错，也就是关键句的确认失误。
范例剖析
【例题】 （2007年福建福州）Beijing-Shanghai Railway was completed in 1968. …
Since opening, it has been one of the busiest routes in our country. The Beijing-Shanghai Route is now served by 10 trains a day, five of which are non-stop. The journey time is just under 12 hours. Now trains are allowed to travel at 250 kph (kilometers per hour) and the journey time is only 10 hours.
文中的第三题：When the Beijing-Shanghai train runs at 250 kph, the passengers spend ____ on the train.
A. ten hours B. twelve hoursC. one day D. two days
【典型错误】此题有的同学很容易误选B。这是由于没有细心阅读文章第二段造成的。
【错因分析】这道题属于直观性问题。出题者直接引用原文中的语句或根据原句稍加改动而编成。选B的同学只看到了“The journey time is justunder 12 hours”,其实这是就北京－上海铁路线上的总体情况而言的，在下句说得很明白：“Now trains are allowed to travel at 250 kph (kilometers per hour) and the journey time is only 10 hours”，也就是说全程也就只需要10小时了。
【正确答案】A。
【归纳拓展】这篇文章是有关火车大提速的新闻，与时事、新闻有关，所以在学习之余，同学们要多关注时事，经常浏览报纸、杂志和电视等媒体上的新闻，将对我们的学习产生很大帮助。
二、无据推理，张冠李戴
做题时，所作的推理在文章中找不到相应的依据。
2．在文章中找相应的依据时出现张冠李戴的情况。
范例剖析
【例题】(2007年安徽)“Sorry!Maybe I was too hard on you just now,”said the man. “Here’s $10.”
“Oh, thank you, Daddy!” he said happily. Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found that the boy already had money, he got angry again.
“Why do you want more money since you already have some?” the father shouted angrily. “Because I didn’t have enough, but now I do,” the little boy replied, “Daddy, I have $20 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you.”
文章第一题：From the passage, we can infer（推断） that the boy’s father ____.
A. often played with his son
B. spent little time with his son
C. didn’t love his son at all
D. often came back home early
【典型错误】此题同学们易误选C，因为通过上面的he got angry again，the father shouted angrily等处可以看到这个父亲对孩子很严厉，因此就误认为父亲不爱儿子。
【错因分析】出现错误的原因是同学们没能理解文章的主旨，仅仅根据父亲对于儿子生气的描写就错误地作出推断，认为父亲不爱儿子。
【正确答案】B。根据文章最后一句可知，父亲是回家晚，待在家的时间短，所以选择B项。
【归纳拓展】同学们在做这类题时绝不能粗心，更不能凭空想象，要结合文章的主旨大意，从已知到未知，作出合理的推测。平时练习时，要注意不仅要理解文章的细节，更要理解文章的主旨，这样，才可以作出正确的推理判断。
三、仅凭印象，胡乱猜词
1. 对于生词，抛弃上下文，仅仅根据自己的印象来猜测词义。
2. 没能掌握关键性词语的意思，在判断生词意思的时候出错。
范例剖析
【例题】（2007年安徽）“Daddy, could you lend me $10?”
The father was furious, “If you asked for the money to buy a toy or some other rubbish, then go straight to your room and think about why you are being so selfish（自私的）! ”…
Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found that the boy already had money, he got angry again.
文章第二题：In this passage, the underlined word “furious” means ____.
A. very angry B. quite happy
C. too excited D. a little nervous
【典型错误】有些同学根据furious后father的话进行判断，可能得出的结论是 a little nervous或者too excited等，因而错选C、D项。
【错因分析】造成这种错误的原因是同学们遇到生词后，不能从上下文来正确判断，而且没有掌握关键性词语的含义（如he got angry again）。
【正确答案】A。根据下文叙述的he got angry again可知，之前这个男孩的父亲是已经生过气了，再结合上下文，就可以确定答案为A。
【归纳拓展】对于词汇题目，一定要根据上下文去确定词义，切忌望文生义。在出现这种题目时，其下文往往有相应的解释：有的以破折号引出，有的以in other words等短语引出，有的以该词的反义形式进行说明，但无论哪种形式，在原文中都会有相应提示，解题时要多注意总结归纳。
四、无视主题，以点带面
1. 阅读时，没能掌握文章的主题或忽视了主题。
2. 做题时，只知其一，不知其二。
范例剖析
【例题】（2007年重庆） Jack Brown, an office worker, lives in Washington. He inherited (继承) a million dollars when he was 23, but he wasn’t happy at all.…He gave ﹩10,000 of his money to a charity (慈善机构) to help poor children live a better life. Today he is 36. He still wears cheap shoes and clothes and drives a small car only, but he is very happy.…
文章最后一题：What’s the main idea of the story? ____.
A. Help others, and you will feel happy
B. It’s necessary to write letters to poor children
C. Live a simple life, and you can give others help
D. It’s the most important to help the children in Africa
【典型错误】B、C、D
【错因分析】阅读时不能紧紧抓住文章主题，或者没有把握住作者写作此文的真正意图，只记住了一些零星事实而偏离了主旨轨道。本题的B、C、D都涉及了穷苦的孩子或者帮助别人的话题，但是都是片面理解文章之意。
【正确答案】A。
【归纳拓展】对这类文章主题思想归纳题，同学们应注意揣摩作者的写作意图以及文章的主旨，切忌片面、狭隘引申或简单重述文中某些内容，从而避免其他干扰项的影响。
链接：
阅读理解易错点拨
1．如何获取段落的主旨和大意
获取段落的主旨和大意，最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：
（1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其他主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
（2）句子结构比较简单，多数都不会采用长、难句的形式。
（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释支撑主题句所表述的主题思想。
2. 如何根据上下文猜测词义
猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读试题中有不少这样的题目。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：(1)根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑性推理；(2)运用语法知识进行语法分析；(3)依靠常识和经验做出判断。
根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种：
①根据定义或解释猜测词义。如：A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases. One is “to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”…Now when someone lets out a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag”.
短文后面有这样一个阅读理解题：John“lets the cat out of the bag”means he ____.
A. makes everyone know a secret
B. makes a woman buy a cat
C. buys a cat in the bag
D. sells the cat in the bag
在这篇文章里，“lets the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”，根据这一解释，我们就可以判断出正确答案应为A。
②根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。
例如：In the northeast of the United States, summer temperatures are very different from winter temperatures. Summer is usually hot, and winter is usually cold. Spring temperatures are warm, and fall temperatures are cool.
文后有这样一道阅读理解题：The word “fall” in this passage means ____.
A. drop B. down C. autumn D. spring
尽管fall一词，课本里没有出现过，但根据文中的并列关系，文中出现了夏季、冬季和春季，我们就可以猜出fall 就是autumn。
除了前面提到的方法外，还可以根据同义、反义、因果关系猜测词义。