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强震在合适的条件下会产生地表破裂,强震地表破裂会造成巨大的灾害,在工程规划和城市建设,特别是重大工程建设时,必须开展地表破裂的工程评估工作。地表破裂是发震断层延伸到地表的产物,迄今为止,人类仍无法控制活断层的活动。震害表明,地表破裂对工程而言是无坚不摧的,因此,重大工程建设中只能采取避让的措施。这就需要评估强震地表破裂的可能性并给出与工程建设有关的参数,以便进行合理的抗震设计、场地选择和避让。总结、归纳和综述了地表破裂的概念、类型、特征和地表破裂工程评价领域研究的相关进展;介绍了地表破裂的评估方法;评述了不同研究方法的优点和局限性;梳理了中国及其他国家和地区断层避让的有关规定。在总结前人研究成果和分析当前工程建设需求的基础上,提出了该领域今后需要研究的5个主要问题。上述工作对开展强震地表破裂工程评估研究具有一定的参考价值。
Strong earthquakes will produce surface rupture under suitable conditions, and earthquakes caused by strong earthquakes will cause great disasters. During the process of project planning and urban construction, especially for major projects, engineering assessment of surface rupture must be carried out. Surface rupture is a product of the seismogenic faults that extend to the surface and human activity has so far failed to control the activity of the active faults. Earthquake damage shows that the surface rupture is indestructible to the project, and therefore, only major measures of evasion can be taken in the construction of major projects. This requires the assessment of the possibility of surface rupture in strong earthquakes and the availability of engineering-related parameters for proper seismic design, site selection and avoidance. Summarize, summarize, summarize, summarize, summarize and summarize the concepts, types, characteristics of surface rupture and related progress in the field of surface rupture engineering assessment; introduce the assessment methods of surface rupture; review the advantages and limitations of different research methods; And the relevant provisions of regional fault avoidance. On the basis of summarizing the research results of predecessors and analyzing the current construction needs, we put forward five major issues to be studied in this field in the future. The above work has certain reference value for the research on the assessment of surface rupture in strong earthquakes.