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基于“3414”试验设计,研究了沿淮低洼地玉米施肥效应和土壤供肥能力。结果表明,玉米施用氮、磷、钾肥的增产率分别为78.0%、3.7%和16.7%,施用每kg氮、磷、钾肥增产量分别为11.9、2.9、5.3 kg。氮、磷、钾肥对玉米产量的影响表现为N>K>P。玉米全株分析表明,其籽粒和茎叶氮、磷、钾养分含量分别为12.692、.56、2.84 g kg-1和5.982、.40、18.46 g kg-1,玉米100 kg经济产量所需氮、磷、钾养分量分别为1.77、0.46、2.02 kg。通过数学模拟获得玉米肥料效应方程,并计算出氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)肥最佳经济施肥量分别为299.1、99.0、175.3 kg hm-2。在本次试验条件下,氮、磷、钾肥利用率平均分别为29.5%、14.8%、35.0%。试验结果还表明,本次玉米试验期间,土壤氮素供应能力较低,磷素供应能力较高,钾素供应能力中等。当季土壤氮、磷、钾养分供应量分别为55.51、1.1、65.4 kg hm-2,土壤氮、磷、钾养分校正系数分别为30.9%1、10%和44.8%。
Based on the “3414” experimental design, the effects of fertilization and soil fertility on maize in the low-lying areas along the Huaihe River were studied. The results showed that the yield of N, P and K fertilizers was 78.0%, 3.7% and 16.7% respectively. The yield of N, P and K fertilizers was 11.9, 2.9 and 5.3 kg respectively. The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on corn yield were N> K> P. The whole plant analysis of corn showed that the nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in grains and stems were 12.692, .56, 2.84 g kg-1 and 5.982, .40 and 18.46 g kg-1, respectively. , Phosphorus and potassium nutrients were 1.77,0.46,2.02 kg. The maize fertilizer effect equation was obtained through mathematical simulation, and the optimal economic fertilization amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was 299.1, 99.0 and 175.3 kg hm-2 respectively. Under the test conditions, the average utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 29.5%, 14.8% and 35.0% respectively. The test results also show that during the corn trial, soil nitrogen supply capacity is lower, higher phosphorus supply capacity, medium potassium supply capacity. The nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil were 55.51,1.1 and 65.4 kg hm-2 respectively, and the correction coefficients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil were 30.9%, 10% and 44.8% respectively.