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生理药动学模型是一种基于物质平衡原理而建立的整体模型,能够预测化学异物在动物体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄规律。在兽医领域,生理药动学模型主要用于研究兽药的药动学特征、预测兽药的组织分布及残留休药期。目前,有关生理药动学模型的研究多集中在猪、牛、山羊、绵羊及狗,家禽的相关研究较少。家禽的解剖学结构与哺乳动物相比,差异巨大,且禽蛋的成分及形成过程均极其复杂,因此较难利用生理药动学模型预测家禽可食性组织及禽蛋中的兽药残留。通过对建模中所需的家禽的生理学及解剖学参数进行归纳总结,并对已有的家禽体内的生理药动学模型进行综述,同时分析了生理药动学模型在家禽体内应用的局限性。
Physiological pharmacokinetic model is a holistic model based on the principle of material balance, which can predict the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of chemical foreign bodies in animals. In the field of veterinary medicine, the model of physiological pharmacokinetics is mainly used to study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of veterinary drugs and predict the tissue distribution of veterinary drugs and the duration of remaining drug withdrawal. At present, most of the studies on physiological pharmacokinetic models focus on pigs, cattle, goats, sheep and dogs, and few studies on poultry. The anatomical structure of poultry is very different from that of mammals, and the composition and formation process of eggs are extremely complicated. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the veterinary drug residues in poultry edible tissues and poultry eggs by using physiological-pharmacokinetic models. By summarizing the physiological and anatomical parameters of the poultry needed in the modeling and reviewing the existing models of physiological pharmacokinetics in poultry and analyzing the limitations of the physiological pharmacokinetic model in poultry .