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明代嘉、隆时期政治家和改革家高拱的“报复”问题,可谓由来已久。追根溯源,这一问题盖出自王世贞《嘉靖以来首辅传》之《高拱传》。该传作为高拱逝世后最早的一篇传记,多半篇幅叙述他倾轧同僚,报复朝官,排斥异己,贪赃纳贿等,从而使高拱背负“报复”恶名,并对其后史家修撰的多篇《高拱传》及其现今史学界也产生了严重负面影响。澄清这一问题,对如实评价高拱的政治品格和道德操守具有重要意义。
The issue of “retaliation” by Gao Gong, a politician and reformer in the Ming and Jia Dynasties and the Long Kingdom, has a long history. Tracing the source, this issue is covered by the “high arch biography” of Wang Shizhen’s “First Ancestral Biography” since Jia Jing. The biography was the earliest biography of Gao Gong after his death. Most of his biography depicts him as an accomplice to retaliation, revenge against the government, exclusion of dissidents, corruption, bribery, etc., so that Gao Gong bears a “retaliation” The many “Gao Gong Chuan” and its history of history also had a serious negative impact. Clarifying this issue is of great significance to the true evaluation of Gao Gong’s political character and moral integrity.