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目的了解铜陵市中小学生视力不良发生发展的趋势及规律,为开展学生视力保护工作提供参考。方法以2004-2008年铜陵市中小学生为研究对象,按《全国学生体质健康状况调查研究实施方案》要求,每年对全市中小学在校学生视力状况进行横断面调查,并追踪观测学生个体视力的减退进展状况。结果2004-2008年铜陵市中小学生总体视力不良率为55.93%～73.03%,男、女生视力不良率分别为57.78%和66.32%,城男、乡男、城女、乡女视力不良率分别为61.15%,50.90%,69.11%,60.59%。学生视力不良率在小学二、三年级下降之后逐年级升高,高中阶段视力不良率高达80%以上,小学五、六年级和初二至高一年级视力不良率有较大升幅。追踪观测显示,小学二至四年级和六年级视力减退率有较大升幅。结论小学二至四年级和六年级是预防和遏制视力减退进展的重点阶段;在小学低年级阶段培养学生保持正确的学习姿势和用眼习惯是预防近视的重要措施。
Objective To understand the trends and laws of occurrence and development of poor eyesight in primary and secondary school students in Tongling City, and to provide reference for the students’ eyesight protection. Methods Taking primary and secondary school students in Tongling City from 2004 to 2008 as the research object, according to the requirements of “Implementation Plan of Investigation and Research on Physical Health Condition of Students in China”, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on the sight of primary and secondary school students in the city every year. Reduce the status of progress. Results The overall rate of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in Tongling from 2004 to 2008 was 55.93% -73.03%, the rate of poor eyesight in boys and girls was 57.78% and 66.32% respectively, and the rate of poor eyesight in male and female, urban women, urban women and rural women were 61.15%, 50.90%, 69.11%, 60.59%. The rate of bad eyesight of students increased year by year after the second and third grade declines in primary school. The rate of bad eyesight in senior high school was as high as 80% or more. The rate of bad eyesight increased significantly in grades five, six and sophomore. Follow-up observations showed a significant increase in the rate of vision loss in grades two to four and grade six in primary schools. Conclusions The second to fourth grades and the sixth grades of primary schools are the key stages in preventing and controlling the progress of vision loss. It is an important measure to prevent students from developing myopia by training students to maintain the correct learning posture and eye habit in the lower grades of primary school.