八旗始于牛录，牛录源于明代女真族的狩猎组织。其组织形式是“五进位制”，即五牛录立一甲喇，五甲喇定一固山。固山就是旗主。 努尔哈赤兴起之前，女真人的牛录就已有了军事组织的职能。牛录是在牛录额真领导下的十人小队。在努尔哈赤兴起之初，其军队的基层组织乃系十人一小 The Eight Banners began in cattle record, cattle recorded in the Ming Dynasty, the Kina hunting organization. Its organizational form is “pentad system”, that is, five cattle recorded one La, La one fixed hill. Gu Shan is the flagship. Prior to the rise of Nurhachu, Nuzhen recorded the role of military organization. Niu Lu is a ten-man squad under the true leadership of the cattle quota. At the beginning of the Nurhaci rise, the grassroots units of its armed forces were ten people and a small one