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目的了解南平市手足口病病原特征与流行状况,为诊断与预防策略提供依据。方法用Real-time RT-PCR法,对2011—2014年监测哨点医院标本进行核酸检测。结果 2011—2014年共报告手足口病21 630例,年均发病率204.11/10万,以2014年最高(308.93/10万),均呈4~6月和9月双峰型。年均病原检测阳性率52.9%(1 134/2145)。2011年以EV71为主(27.7%),其后以其他肠道病毒为主(30.8%、33.2%、34.3%)。患儿性别比1.71∶1,<5岁占95.1%,1岁组报告数及阳性率(59.0%)最高;重症43例,死亡7例,以1~2岁组居多(52.0%),EV71占重症病例的72.2%、死亡病例的100%。结论南平市手足口病病原以EV71和其他肠道病毒交替流行,重症及死亡病例多为EV71感染。应加强病原监测,掌握流行规律,早发现、早救治,以减少重症病例发生。
Objective To understand the pathogenic features and prevalence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Nanping City and provide evidence for diagnosis and prevention. Methods Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect nucleic acid in sentinel hospital specimens during 2011-2014. Results A total of 21 630 HFMD cases were reported from 2011 to 2014, with an average annual incidence of 204.11 / 100 000, the highest in 2014 (308.93 / 100 000), showing a bimodal pattern from April to June and September. The average positive rate of pathogen detection was 52.9% (1 134/2145). In 2011, EV71 was predominant (27.7%), followed by other enteroviruses (30.8%, 33.2% and 34.3%). The prevalence rate was 1.71: 1 (95.1%) in children aged <5 years, and the highest rate was reported in 1 year group (59.0%). Severe illness was found in 43 cases and death in 7 cases (52.0% 72.2% of severe cases, 100% of deaths. Conclusion The pathogens of hand-foot-mouth disease in Nanping City are alternately epidemic with EV71 and other enteroviruses. The most serious and fatal cases are EV71 infection. Pathogen surveillance should be strengthened to grasp the epidemic, early detection, early treatment, to reduce the incidence of severe cases.