论文部分内容阅读
目的 分析广州市2011-2017年疟疾疫情的流行特征,为制定有效防控策略提供参考依据.方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2011-2017年广州市疟疾疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析.结果 2011-2017年广州市共报告疟疾病例568例,其中1例为输血感染病例,余567例均为输入性病例,87.65％来源于非洲,11.46％来源于亚洲,其余分别来源于南美洲等其他地区.全部病例中恶性疟占80.81％,间日疟占13.56％,还发现了罕见的诺氏疟和巴西疟.病例主要集中在20～59岁青壮年,患者最小年龄为11月,最大82岁.疟疾病例以商业服务人员(26.76％)为主,境外务工人员、工人、农民、民工次之(23.06％).每年10月报告病例数最多,全市12个区均有病例报告.结论 广州市疟疾疫情2011-2014年较平稳,2014-2017年呈上升趋势,同时恶性疟所占比例逐年上升,非洲输入性病例是最主要的防控对象.建议加强入境人员的检验检疫,对出国人员进行疟疾知识的普及,尤其是前往疟疾流行区的人员,应做好个人防护,避免蚊虫叮咬.同时,提高医务人员的诊疗水平避免因输入病例而引起本地疫情.“,”Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Guangzhou City,2011-2017,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the strategy of malaria prevention and control.Methods The data of malaria epidemic situation in Guangzhou City from 2011 to 2017 were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological method.Results There were 568 malaria cases reported in Guangzhou City,from 2011 to 2017,including 1 local case and 567 imported cases.Most of the imported cases were infected from Africa (87.65％),and others were infected from Asia (11.46％) and other areas.Falciparum malaria accounted for 80.81％,vivax malaria accounted for 13.56％,and Plasmodium knowlesi and P.brasilianum infections were also found.These cases were mainly occurred in the 20-59 years age group,and the youngest person was 11 months old and the oldest one was 82 years old.In the occupation distribution,these cases mainly occurred in business service staff (26.76％),export laborers,workers,and farmers (23.06％).Malaria cases occurred around the year and the season peak appeared in October.These cases occurred in all the 12 districts of Guangzhou City.Conclusions The malaria epidemic situation is stable from 2011 to 2014,and it presents a rising trend from 2014 to 2017,and at the same time,the falciparum malaria is increased year by year.Most of the cases are infected in malaria endemic regions of Africa.Therefor,the imported malaria cases are the mainly prevention aim.We suggest to enhance the inspection and quarantine in imported people and the health education about malaria prevention control knowledge in people going abroad.In addition,it is necessary to improve the professional levels of the medical staff,especially in the diagnosis and treatment of malaria.