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目的探讨股骨颈支持带的形态结构特点,为临床股骨颈的安全显露提供解剖学依据。方法取新鲜下肢标本4例、红色乳胶灌注固定标本60例,通过显微解剖、铸型标本和股骨颈支持带切片等方法研究股骨颈支持带的位置、形态、分布及中段宽度等。结果 (1)3条支持带的形态结构特点:上支持带出现率100%,恒定出现,走行在11:00～13:00位置,此支持带变异最小;下支持带出现率为100%,走行在06:00～07:30位置,在3条支持带中它最为坚韧;前支持带出现率为60%,变异最大,走行在02:30～04:00位置。(2)组织切片显微镜观察发现血管贯穿于支持带,上、下支持带均有血管、神经支配。(3)股骨颈安全显露的区域:08:00～10:00的位置,此处支持带较少出现。结论上、下支持带恒定出现,走行位置较为恒定,且富含血管、神经,是股骨头血供的重要来源,同时经大转子后内侧切开显露股骨颈,操作更安全、方便。
Objective To investigate the morphological characteristics of the femoral neck support band and to provide anatomical basis for the clinical fenestration of the femoral neck. Methods Four cases of fresh lower extremity specimens and 60 cases of red latex perfusion fixed specimens were used to study the location, shape, distribution and width of the femoral neck support band by means of microdissection, cast specimens and femoral neck support banding. Results (1) The morphological characteristics of the three support bands: the incidence rate of the upper support band was 100%, and constant appearance occurred. The walking distance ranged from 11:00 to 13:00 with the smallest variation of the support band. The occurrence rate of the next support band was 100% Walking in the 06: 00 ~ 07: 30 position, in the three support band it is the toughest; support band with a prevalence of 60%, the largest variation, walking in the 02: 30 ~ 04: 00 position. (2) Tissue sections Microscope observation showed that the blood vessels penetrated the supportive band, and both the upper and lower supportive bands had blood vessels and nerves innervation. (3) the exposed area of the femoral neck: the location of 08: 00 ~ 10: 00, where the support band appears less. CONCLUSION: The upper and lower support bands appear constantly and the position of walking is relatively constant. They are rich in blood vessels and nerves and are important sources of blood for the femoral head. Simultaneously, the medial side of the greater trochanter reveals the femoral neck, making the operation safer and more convenient.