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本研究用自风_1、风可_1等64个不同种质来源的自交系对MO17CMS唐徐等七种不同胞质来源的CMS系进行了广泛的测交,鉴定了它们测交后代的育性反应和恢复型组合的F_2、不育系/(不育系×恢复系)、(不育系×恢复系)/保持系等BC_1群体的育性分离比例;检查了不育系和由它们组配的恢复型组合F_1的花粉碘染情况;观察了各类型CMS系花粉败育细胞学特点;分析了它们散粉前花药的过氧化物酶同功酶酶谱特征。研究结果表明: 1、MO17CMS唐徐,MO17CMS双,成202CMS二马牙三种不育系均属于S组配子体不育类型。恢复性受一对显性基因控制。MO17CMS新单是属于T组孢子体不育类型。只要进一步查明自交系恢313、自风_1、MO17的基因型,就可作为胞质分类的测验系。2、对配子体不育系采用了一种“同质等位”性测定的方法,证明MO17CMS唐徐、MO17CMS双、77CMS—M和成202CMS二马矛是一组胞质基因相同。核基因等位的同质等位系。它们在育性上的差异和不稳定现象主要是由微效基因的作用所造成的。这种微效基因对不同败育类型的不育系发生的作用效应是不相同的。只要认真地注意亲本的选择,采用适当的选育方法,以减少微效基因的影响,S型不育系的育性不稳定现象是可以克服的。3、研究各类型CMS系花粉败育的细胞学特点和过氧化物酶同功酶酶谱特征,为育性机理的研究和不育胞质的分类提供了重要的依据。
In this study, CMS lines from seven different cytoplasm sources such as MO17CMS Tang Xu were widely used in inbred lines from 64 different germplasm sources, such as wind_1 and wind_1. Fertility and restorer combinations, fertility segregation percentage of BC_1 population, such as CMS line / (CMS × restorer line), (CMS × restorer line) / maintainer line; The pollen iodine staining of the restorer combination F_1 was observed. The cytological characteristics of pollen abortion of all CMS strains were observed. The peroxidase isoenzymes characteristics of anther before anthesis were analyzed. The results showed that: 1, Three CMS lines, MO17CMS Tang, MO17CMS, and 202CMS breeders belonged to S genotype. Restoration is controlled by a dominant pair of genes. MO17CMS new single belongs to the T group sporozoite infertility type. As long as further identification of inbred restore 313, since the wind _1, MO17 genotype, can be used as the cytoplasm of the test line. 2, the gametophyte sterile line with a “homogeneous allelic” determination of the method to prove that MO17CMS Tang Xu, MO17CMS double, 77CMS-M and into 202CMS two horses is a set of cytoplasmic genes the same. Homogeneous alleles of the nuclear gene alleles. Their differences in fertility and instability are mainly caused by the effects of the minor genes. The effects of these minor genes on different abortion lines are different. As long as careful attention to the choice of parents, using appropriate breeding methods to reduce the impact of micro-genes, S-type sterile lines fertility instability can be overcome. Cytological characteristics and peroxidase isoenzyme zymograms of pollen abortion were studied in all CMSs, which provided an important basis for the study of fertility mechanism and the classification of sterile cytoplasm.3.