为了研究运动训练对应激大鼠免疫功能的影响及其调节机制，对大鼠进行为期４周的中、小负荷的运动训练，并在运动训练后期施加冷刺激，测定大鼠外周血液ＮＫ细胞的数量和β－ＥＰ的含量。结果：①应激组血液中ＮＫ细胞显著低于对照组，但β－ＥＰ含量显著高于对照组，表明冷应激增加内源性β－ＥＰ的释放，从而使外周ＮＫ细胞数量下降，抑制机体的免疫功能；②经过４周的运动训练后，３０ｍｉｎ训练组和６０ｍｉｎ训练组ＮＫ细胞均显著高于对照组，β－ＥＰ含量低于对照组；同时，应激＋３０ｍｉｎ训练组和应激＋６０ｍｉｎ训练组ＮＫ细胞数量显著高于应激组，β－ＥＰ含量显著低于应激组。结果表明，运动训练通过提高机体生理和心理应激能力，减少机体应激时内源性β－ＥＰ的释放，使血液中 ＮＫ细胞数量增加，维持机体免疫功能的稳定。 In order to study the effect of exercise training on immune function and its regulation mechanism in stress rats, the rats were subjected to moderate and light exercise training for 4 weeks, and cold stimulation was applied in the late period of exercise training to determine the level of NK cells in peripheral blood of rats Quantity and β-EP content. Results: ① NK cells in the stress group were significantly lower than those in the control group, but the content of β-EP was significantly higher than that in the control group, indicating that cold stress increased the release of endogenous β-EP, thereby reducing the number of peripheral NK cells and inhibiting The body’s immune function; ② After 4 weeks of exercise training, 30min training group and 60min training group NK cells were significantly higher than the control group, β-EP content was lower than the control group; the same time, stress + 30min training group and stress +60min The number of NK cells in training group was significantly higher than that in stress group, and the content of β-EP was significantly lower than that in stress group. The results showed that exercise training can increase the number of NK cells in blood and maintain the stability of immune function by increasing the physiological and psychological stress ability of the body and reducing the release of endogenous β-EP during stress.