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Objective To compare the different effects of endothelia progenitor cells (EPCs) or basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) intromyocardial infusion on cardiac function and neovascularization for dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)rats.Methods Fifty adult female rats received inguinal subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol (ISO, 250 mg/kg) for induction of DCM. Four weeks later, the model rats were randomly divided into EPCs group, b-FGF group and control group. The 2×106 EPCs (resolved in 100 μL PBS), 100 μL b-FGF (100 μg/mL) and 100 μL PBS were evenly transplanted into the myocardium of EPCs group, b-FGF group and control group, respectively. Three months later, echocardiographic examination and regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF)measurement were performed. EPCs were traced by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The protein and mRNA expression of b-FGF in each group was measured by ELISA assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results Three months after transplantation, sry positive cells were detected only in EPCs group. The cardiac function as well as RMBF was significantly improved in EPCs group compared with b-FGF group or control group. There was higher capillary density in EPCs group. The protein and mRNA expression of b-FGF was stronger than b-FGF group and control group.Conclusion Transplantation of EPCs can improve cardiac function, induce neovascularization and increase RMBF for DCM rats. The treatment with EPCs has better effect than administration of b-FGF alone.