为了解合肥市 0～ 2岁儿童乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )病毒表面抗原 (HBsAg)携带情况及影响因素 ,以县 (区 ,下同 )为单位 ,每个县按东、南、西、北、中 5片 ,各随机抽取 1个乡 (街道 ) ,调查 1999年 12月 1日～ 2 0 0 2年 11月 30日出生的儿童 ,采血检测HBsAg ,共调查儿童 6 98名。结果显示 :HBsAg携带率城市为 0 (0 / 383) ,农村为 4 8% (15 / 315 )。城市和农村乙肝疫苗全程接种率分别为 99 7% (382 / 383)和 98 4 % (310 / 315 ) ,差别无显著的统计学意义 ,但首针及时接种率城市 (89 3% )高于农村 (79 0 % ) ,差异有非常显著的统计学意义 (χ2 =15 1,P <0 0 1)。同时还显示 :农村县级及以下医院不开展孕妇乙肝病毒 (HBV)感染指标检测 ,且乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率仅为 30 %。由此可见 ,农村新生儿乙肝疫苗接种质量和首针及时接种率有待提高 ,同时要推广孕妇HBV感染指标筛查 ,以便尽早采取措施加以预防。 In order to understand the carrying status and influencing factors of Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in children aged 0 ~ 2 in Hefei, counties (districts, the same below) as a unit, each county according to east, south, west, Five children were randomly selected from each village (street). Children born between December 1, 1999 and November 30, 2002 were surveyed. HBsAg was detected by blood sampling, and a total of 6 98 children were investigated. The results showed that the carrying rate of HBsAg was 0 (0/383) in urban and 48% (15/315) in rural areas. The overall coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine in urban and rural areas was 99 7% (382/383) and 98 4% (310/315) respectively, with no significant difference, but the first-time timely inoculation rate was 89.3% In rural areas (79.0%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 15 1, P <0.01). At the same time, it also shows that the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women is not carried out in rural hospitals at or below county level, and the timely first-dose vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine is only 30%. Thus it can be seen that the quality of hepatitis B vaccination in rural areas and the timely first-dose vaccination need to be improved. At the same time, it is necessary to promote screening of HBV infection in pregnant women so as to prevent as soon as possible.