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表观遗传修饰是指不改变DNA序列的可逆性修饰,包括DNA甲基化、RNA干涉、基因组印迹和组蛋白密码等多方面,在生物体生长发育过程中对基因表达和调控有重要作用。在卵子发育过程中,卵母细胞经历了一系列的表观遗传动态修饰,这一表观遗传成熟过程对于卵子的减数分裂及发育能力至关重要。其中组蛋白的转录后修饰及不同组蛋白的替换对异染色质的形成及卵母细胞基因组重塑过程起关键作用。现对卵子发育过程中组蛋白甲基化、乙酰化、磷酸化等共价修饰及不同组蛋白替换的研究现状做一总结。
Epigenetic modification refers to the irreversible modification of the DNA sequence, including DNA methylation, RNA interference, genomic imprinting and histone code and other aspects, in the process of organism growth and development on gene expression and regulation play an important role. During the development of the egg, the oocyte undergoes a series of epigenetic dynamic modifications, and this epigenetic maturation is crucial for the oocyte’s meiosis and developmental ability. Among them, the post-transcriptional modification of histone and the replacement of different histones play a key role in the formation of heterochromatin and the process of oocyte genomic remodeling. Now the process of egg development during histone methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation and other covalent modification of different histone replacement status of the study made a summary.