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本文通过不同生育期重肥N肥对小麦器官建成、光合产物分配与籽粒蛋白质含量等的影响,明确了造成小麦贪青、倒伏的“危险施肥期”和施用N肥的“最大效益期”,并对如何防止贪青、倒伏,增强抗逆性,提高产量和品质等安全、经济施用N肥的技术问题进行了初步探讨.结果表明:1.冬小麦生育前期(注1)施N过多,是造成田间群体大、基部节间长、成穗率低、穗小粒少、千粒重低、生育延迟等的主要原因.因而生育前期是引起冬小麦贪青、晚熟和倒伏的“危险施肥时期”,也叫“N素的过剩敏感期”.2.冬小麦生育前期不施N或者底施N“不过量” 时,生育中、后期重施N肥不仅不会引起贪青、倒伏,而且能大大提高小麦后期的光合生产率和抗逆性,达到成穗率高、小穗退化少和提高粒重的明显效果,使抽穗后的干物质生产量达到籽粒产量的90%左右,尤其是春五叶露尖的中期施肥(即拔节肥)可明显提高小麦产量.因此,拔节期是冬小麦的“N素最大效益期”,也叫“N素不足敏感期”,也是冬小麦抗逆栽培技术中的安全、经济施肥期.
This article through the different growth stages of heavy fertilizer N fertilizer on the completion of wheat organs, photosynthate distribution and grain protein content, clear the wheat caused by greed, lodging “dangerous period” and the application of N fertilizer, “the maximum benefit period” And discussed the technical issues of how to prevent the application of N fertilizers safely and economically in the aspects of preventing greed, lodging, enhancing the stress resistance, increasing yield and quality, etc. The results showed that: 1, N was excessive in the early growth period of winter wheat (Note 1) Is the main cause of large field population, long basal internodes, low earing percentage, few spikelets, low 1000-grain weight, delayed fertility, etc. Therefore, the early growth period was the “dangerous fertilization period” that caused the greyish, late-maturing and lodging of winter wheat. Called “N-sensitive period of excess.” 2. No pre-winter wheat N or N at the end of the application of “not excessive” when fertility, the late re-application of N-fertilizer will not only cause no greed, lodging, but also can greatly enhance the wheat The late photosynthetic productivity and resistance, to the ear into a high rate of spikelet less deterioration and improve the weight of the obvious effect of the dry matter yield after heading to achieve grain yield of about 90%, especially the spring five leaf tip Medium term Fertilization (ie, jointing fertilizer) can significantly increase wheat yield. Therefore, the jointing stage is the “N-element maximum benefit period” of winter wheat, also called “N-deficient sensitive period” and also the safety and economic fertilization period of winter wheat anti- .