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一、前言 目前,国内中小型拱坝的计算方法以纯拱法和拱冠梁法为主,少数有用多拱梁法(又称试载法)校核的。有的地区且已开始采用电子计算机计算。 纯拱法计算最为简单,但与实际的差别最大,故而一般仅用于河谷宽度与坝高的比值较小的情况或初步选定坝身截面尺寸。 拱冠梁法是多拱梁法的一种简化,它的计算工作量比多拱梁法要少得多,而计算结果则偏于安全方面。故而采用最为广泛,图1—1即为同一拱坝用不同的计算方法计算的结果。 过去通用的拱冠梁法,一般均假定棋冠梁为固端悬臂梁,而不考虑梁底开裂的影响,算得拱应力和梁应力往往和实际情况不能很好地符合。别是梁底上游侧的拉应力,更是远远超
I. Introduction At present, the calculation method of domestic small and medium-sized arch dam is mainly pure arch method and crown-beam method, and a few of them are validated by multi-arch beam method (also known as loading method). Some areas have begun to use computer calculations. Pure arch method is the most simple calculation, but the difference with the actual maximum, it is generally only used for the width of the valley and the dam height ratio of small or preliminary selected dam section size. Arch crown method is a simplification of multi-arch beam method, which is much less computational workload than multi-arch beam method, while the calculation results are biased towards safety. Therefore, the most widely used, Figure 1-1 is the same arch dam with different calculation methods to calculate the results. In the past, the common crown-beam method generally assumes that the cantilever beam is a fixed-end cantilever beam, and does not consider the influence of beam bottom cracking. Therefore, the arch stress and the beam stress are often not in good agreement with the actual situation. Do not be the tensile stress on the upstream side of the beam, it is far beyond