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目的通过对现行食品微生物学检验方法 GB 4789标准体系开展跟踪评价,为完善食品微生物学检验方法标准体系提供建设性意见。方法采用问卷调查的方式在中西部19个省和直辖市开展研究,调查对象主要包括政府检验机构、企业检验部门和第三方实验室的相关检验人员。通过国家食品安全风险评估中心网站数据录入系统进行数据在线录入和填报,数据采用SPSS 22.0和Microsoft Excel 2013进行统计分析。结果本次调查共收回有效问卷1 056份,政府和企业的检验人员为调查主体。来自不同机构的调查对象对标准的整体评价均在4分以上(5分为满分),企业检验部门的评分高于政府检验机构,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。93.8%(991/1 056)的调查对象认为现行标准体系可以完全满足或基本满足工作需求。在标准体系的完善方面,50.7%(535/1 056)的调查对象认为最为需要修订的是样品前处理方法;不同机构对于需要增加的检验项目建议不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);92.4%(976/1 056)的调查对象认为有必要增加快速检验方法。结论 GB 4789食品微生物学检验标准体系使用率高,整体评价好。建议国家管理部门明确微生物快速检验方法在食品安全国家标准体系中的定位,为其发展提供指导性意见。
OBJECTIVE Through the follow-up evaluation of the current system of food microbiology test GB 4789, this paper provides constructive suggestions for improving the standard system of food microbiological test methods. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out in 19 provinces and municipalities directly under the central government in the central and western regions. The subjects of the investigation mainly include the relevant inspectors of government inspection agencies, enterprise inspection departments and third-party laboratories. The data were input and reported online through the data entry system of the National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 and Microsoft Excel 2013. Results A total of 1 056 valid questionnaires were collected and the inspectors of the government and enterprises were the main investigators. The survey results from different agencies were above 4 points (5 out of 5), and the scores from the enterprise inspection departments were higher than those from the government inspection agencies (P <0.05). 93.8% (991/1 056) of the respondents believe that the current standard system can fully meet or basically meet the needs of work. In terms of the improvement of the standard system, 50.7% (535/1 056) of the respondents considered that the most needed revision was the sample preparation method. Different institutions suggested different items to be increased, with significant differences (P <0.05) ; 92.4% (976/1 056) of the respondents considered it necessary to increase the rapid test method. Conclusion GB 4789 food microbiology test standard system utilization rate, the overall evaluation is good. It is suggested that the state administration should clarify the positioning of rapid microbial test methods in the national standard system of food safety and provide guidance for its development.