改革开放以来,中国不断加快的城市化进程在重建人们经济与文化生活方式的同时,也对文化遗产的保护形成了强烈冲击,不断倒逼传统文物管理体制的改革转型。市场经济体制对计划体制的替代,使文物保护领域传统的计划管理方式越来越显现出效率缺失和使用范围的局限性,必须加快建构城镇化背景下基于市场原则的国家文物保护补偿机制。结合我国文物保护工作的特点和实际,现阶段我国需要积极适应文物保护的大趋势,创新文物保护工作思路;完善文物立法,在《文物保护法》修订时增加对私有产权文物的公共经费补偿规定;研究设立国家文物保护补偿基金,拓展政策扶持范围;以政府购买服务的形式激励市场主体参与文物保护,形成政府与社会良好互动的保护机制。 Since the reform and opening up, while accelerating urbanization in China, while rebuilding people’s economic and cultural lifestyles, they have also had a strong impact on the protection of cultural heritage, constantly forcing the reform and transformation of the traditional heritage management system. The substitution of the market economy system to the planning system has made the traditional planning management methods in the field of cultural relic protection more and more show the limitations of the lack of efficiency and scope of use and must speed up the construction of the national heritage protection compensation mechanism based on the market principle under the background of urbanization. In light of the characteristics and reality of cultural relic protection in our country, our country needs to actively adapt to the general trend of cultural relics protection and innovate the ideas of cultural relic protection at this stage. We must improve the legislation of cultural relics and increase the provisions for the compensation of public funds for private property relics ; Study and set up a national heritage protection compensation fund to expand the scope of policy support; to encourage the market participants to participate in the protection of cultural relics in the form of government procurement services to form a good interactive mechanism between the government and society.