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目的探讨引入计划行为理论中的相关因素,采用结构方程模型建立老年人流感疫苗接种意愿的预测指标体系。方法成都市5城区中随机抽取2个社区,每个社区抽取1个居民小区,对小区内60岁及以上老年人进行入户调查,每个居民小区调查180人。结果主观规范对老年人的接种意愿影响最大,强度为0.499;其后依次为既往接种史,强度为0.171;行为意向,强度为0.156;接种疫苗的好处,强度为0.154;接种疫苗的坏处,强度为-0.037,是负向作用;最后是预期后悔,强度为0.012。结论主观规范是影响老年人接种意愿的最重要因素,尤其是政府和医生的建议对老年人影响最大。提示政府和医疗机构应该逐步提高临床一线医护人员的认识,形成临床医学与预防医学相结合的模式,重视三级预防,从而不断提高老年人群中流感疫苗的接种率。
Objective To explore the relevant factors in introducing the theory of planned behavior and to establish the prediction index system of flu inoculation intention of the elderly by using the structural equation model. Methods Two communities were randomly selected from 5 urban areas of Chengdu City. One community area was drawn from each community. Household surveys were conducted on elderly people aged 60 years and older in the community, with 180 residents surveyed in each community. Results Subjective criteria had the strongest effect on the vaccination intention of the elderly, with an intensity of 0.499; followed by a history of prior inoculation, with an intensity of 0.171; behavioral intention and intensity of 0.156; the benefits of vaccination with a strength of 0.154; -0.037, is a negative effect; the last is expected to regret, the intensity of 0.012. Conclusion Subjective norms are the most important factor affecting the willingness of the elderly to inoculate, especially the suggestions of the government and doctors have the greatest impact on the elderly. It is suggested that the government and medical institutions should gradually raise awareness of clinical frontline staff, form a combination of clinical medicine and preventive medicine, and pay attention to tertiary prevention so as to continuously raise the vaccination rate of influenza vaccines in the elderly population.