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应用电子流体方程与麦克斯韦方程对强而短的电磁脉冲传输的物理过程进行了数值模拟。给出了不同压强条件下的击穿等离子体峰值电子密度、峰值电子流体能量、击穿的位置、电磁能的潜行（ｓｎｅａｋ－ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ）时间及电磁能的透过量等特征参数。不但可以看到初始电子均匀分布情况下高功率微波（ＨＰＭ）脉冲的“尾蚀”（ｔａｉｌ－ｅｒｏｓｉｏｎ）现象，而且还发现初始电子高斯分布情况下ＨＰＭ脉冲的“分裂”（ｓｐｌｉｔｔｉｎｇ）过程。分析了各种结果的物理原因。
The physical process of strong and short electromagnetic pulse transmission was numerically simulated by using the electron fluid equation and Maxwell’s equation. The characteristic parameters such as the peak electron density of breakdown plasma, the peak electron energy, the location of breakdown, the sneak-through time of electromagnetic energy and the transmission of electromagnetic energy under different pressure conditions are given. Not only the “tail-erosion” phenomenon of high-power microwave (HPM) pulses with uniform distribution of initial electrons can be seen, but also the “splitting” of HPM pulses with the initial electron Gaussian distribution was found. The physical causes of the various results were analyzed.