目的　探讨肥胖和胰岛素抵抗 (IR)与肿瘤坏死因子 (TNFα)的关系。方法　以高脂膳食饲养Wistar大鼠 ,复制肥胖模型 ,以脂体比作为分组标准 ,检测血清学指标和组织中肿瘤坏死因子α的蛋白水平 ,以胰岛素敏感指数判断机体胰岛素抵抗状态。结果　肥胖组大鼠脂肪组织TNFα水平明显高于基础组 ,在骨骼肌、肝脏、血清中 2组无显著性差异。结论　TNFα在肥胖相关IR的发生中有重要作用。TNFα在肥胖机体介导IR具有组织异质性。 Objective To investigate the relationship between obesity and insulin resistance (IR) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα). Methods Wistar rats were fed with high-fat diet and obese model was duplicated. The lipid ratio was taken as the standard of the group. The serum level of TNF-α and the protein level of TNF-α in the tissue were detected. Insulin sensitivity index was used to determine the insulin resistance. Results The level of TNFα in adipose tissue of obese rats was significantly higher than that of the basal group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in skeletal muscle, liver and serum. Conclusion TNFα plays an important role in the development of obesity-related IR. TNFα mediates IR in obese tissues with tissue heterogeneity.