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在汉语的历史上,“起去”曾经是与“起来”相对的一个语言单位,但在随后的语言发展中,它们各自走上了不同的道路。“起来”通过语法化逐渐演变成体标记,而“起去”虽然也走上了语法化的道路,但这一过程却没有完成。本文就这种现象作了较深入全面的考察和分析。文章在对“起去”语法化未完成的语言事实进行历时和共时的分析描写之后,重点从认知方面探讨了它的语法化未完成的原因。通过对“来”和“去”的理想认知模型的对比,发现“起来”的“目标”是突显的,可以直接感知的,表现出最大关联性;而“起去”的“目标”是非突显的,难以感知的,不具有关联性。正是这种关联性的有无使人们最终在认知原则的作用下作出了舍弃“起去”、保留“起来”的选择。
In the history of the Chinese language, “起 起” has been a linguistic unit as opposed to “起 起”, but in subsequent language development, they each took a different path. “Up ” gradually evolves into a body mark through grammaticalization, while “Going Up ” has embarked on the path of grammaticalization, but this process has not been completed. This article made a deeper and comprehensive investigation and analysis of this phenomenon. After the diachronic and synchronic analysis of the unfinished linguistic facts of the grammaticalization of “Going Up ”, the article mainly discusses the reasons why its grammaticalization is not completed from the cognition aspect. By comparing the ideal cognitive models of “to ” and “to ”, we found that the “target ” of “up ” is prominent and can be directly perceived to show the maximum relevance; “Go ” “goal ” is non-prominence, difficult to perceive, does not have relevance. It is this relevance that allows people to finally make the choice of “going up” and reserving “up” under the action of cognitive principles.