目的探讨结核感染T细胞检测阳性患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。方法采用酶联斑点免疫法检测64例结核感染患儿结核特异A抗原和B抗原,并采用流式细胞仪检测其外周血T淋巴细胞亚群比例,同时测定40例健康儿童外周血T淋巴细胞亚群比例做对照。结果与对照组比较,T-SPOT.TB阳性组患儿外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+细胞表达率降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);NK细胞细胞表达率升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CD8+、CD19+细胞表达率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论儿童患结核后细胞免疫功能受到抑制,细胞免疫在调节中起着重要作用。 Objective To investigate the changes of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of children with positive T cell test for tuberculosis infection. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect tuberculosis-specific A antigen and B antigen in 64 children with tuberculosis infection. The proportion of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry. T lymphocytes were also measured in 40 healthy children Subpopulation ratio as a control. Results Compared with the control group, the expression of CD3 +, CD4 + and CD4 + / CD8 + in peripheral blood of T-SPOT.TB positive group decreased significantly (P <0.01), and the expression of NK cell increased Statistical significance (P <0.05); There was no significant difference in the expression rates of CD8 +, CD19 + cells (P> 0.05). Conclusion Childhood tuberculosis cells after the suppression of cellular immune function, cellular immunity plays an important role in the regulation.