莎剧《李尔王》虽然故事背景设置在宫廷,但实质上揭示了当时的社会道德和家庭伦理关系。这部家国悲剧产生的根源不是女儿们的不孝,也不是李尔的性格缺陷,而在于久居王位的李尔,单方面忘却了自身作为父亲的伦理身份,夸大了其作为国王的政治伦理身份,导致李尔在家庭伦理层面以及社会政治伦理层面做出了错位的伦理诉求,从而导致了自身的悲剧结局。通过描述这样一个家国悲剧,莎士比亚深刻揭示了他对于伦理道德的思考,表达了他关于人作为个体,该如何践行自身的伦理职责,维护家庭和社会的伦理道德秩序的关切和思考。 Shakespeare “King Lear” Although the story set in the court, but essentially revealed the then social morality and family ethical relations. The origins of this family tragedy are not the daughter’s filial piety nor the character flaws of Lear. Instead, Lear, who lived in a long-term dynasty, unilaterally forgot his own ethical status as a father and exaggerated his political ethical status as a king , Which led to Leer’s misplaced ethical appeal at the family ethical level and the socio-political ethics level, which led to his own tragedy. By describing such a family tragedy, Shakespeare profoundly reveals his thinking on ethics and expresses his concerns and reflections on how man as an individual, how to practice his own ethical duties and safeguard the ethical order of family and society.