引航旧称引水、领港、领江,是指在一定的水域内(港口或内河),专门性的从业人员(即引航员)登上船舶,为船舶指引航向,把船舶安全地引进、带出港口,或在港内移泊。由于港口的航道条件构成了一个国家天然的屏障,事关一国的国防,因而按照国际惯例,引航员必须由本国人担任,并且对出入港口的外籍船舶实行强制引航。这是一个国家引航权的体现,是国家主权的一部分。1840年,鸦片战争成为列强入侵中国的开端,一系列不平等条约此时接踵而来。中 Pilot cited the old pilotage, pilotage, the river, is in a certain waters (ports or inland rivers), specialized practitioners (ie pilot) boarded the ship, guide the ship’s course, the safe introduction of the ship, bring out Port, or move in port. As the harbor conditions constitute the natural barrier of a country and a country’s national defense, it is customary in accordance with international practice that pilots must be nationals and impose pilotage on foreign ships entering and leaving the port. This is a manifestation of the national pilotage right and is part of the national sovereignty. In 1840, the Opium War became the beginning of the invasion of China by the powers and a series of unequal treaties came one after another at this time. in