《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006—2020年)》(以下简称科技规划)自实施以来,时间已经过半。我国科技人才队伍建设情况怎样?与世界上实力最强的国家——美国相比还有多大的差距?本文以美国经济发展水平为标杆,从现实、历史、未来三个维度对中美两国科技人才发展进行比较,找出差异,提出未来我国科技人才发展的建议。随着经济全球化和知识经济时代的到来,国际间人才竞争越演越烈,一国的发展水平越来越依赖于该国科技人才的发展水平。经验表明,科技人才发展水平越高的国家和地区,其经济发展水平往往越高。在此大背景下,比较科技规划实施以来中美两国的经济和科技人才发展水平,分析中美科技人才发展的现状差异,对于我们借鉴美国经验,在未来一段时期内进一步加强科技人才队伍建设,无疑大有裨益。 “National Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020)” (hereinafter referred to as science and technology planning) since its implementation, the time has more than half. What is the construction of our country's scientific and technological personnel? How much is the gap between the United States and the most powerful country in the world? Based on the benchmark of the level of economic development in the United States, from three aspects of reality, history and future, The development of science and technology personnel are compared to find out the differences and propose the future development of China's science and technology talents. With the advent of economic globalization and the era of knowledge-based economy, the competition for talents in the world has become increasingly fierce. The level of development in a country is increasingly dependent on the level of development of science and technology personnel in the country. Experience shows that the countries and regions with the highest level of development of science and technology talents tend to have higher levels of economic development. In this context, comparing the development of economy and science and technology personnel in China and the United States since the implementation of the S & T plan and analyzing the differences in the status quo of the development of science and technology personnel between China and the United States, we draw lessons from the experience of the United States and further strengthen the construction of contingent of scientists and technologists in the coming period , No doubt helpful.