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环境主义者应当如何看待自由贸易?很多环境主义者通过诉诸“底线竞争的论点”反对自由贸易。虽然这种观点没有多少说服力,但我们有理由担心无限制的自由贸易可能引起的环境影响。目前世贸组织(WTO)这样的机构所遵循的贸易规则也许并不合理。对于和贸易相关的环境破坏的补偿计划而言,适当的贸易壁垒以及消费者运动也许是必要且可行的。环境主义者至少应该考虑,如果不妨碍其他重要道德目标的实现,这些针对无限制自由贸易的措施是能够有效减少环境问题,并且制度上的安全保障也能防止对这些措施的滥用。
How should environmentalists view free trade? Many environmentalists oppose free trade by resorting to the “argument of bottom-line competition.” Although this view is not much persuasive, we have reason to worry about the possible environmental impact of unrestricted free trade. The current trade rules followed by institutions such as the WTO may not be reasonable. For trade-related compensation schemes for environmental damage, appropriate trade barriers and consumer campaigns may be necessary and feasible. At the very least, environmentalists should consider that these measures of free and unfettered trade can effectively reduce environmental problems without prejudice to the realization of other important ethical goals, and that institutional security guarantees their avoidance of abuse.