论文部分内容阅读
一、集成电路及其分类 科学事业的发展使晶体管的应用遇到了新的矛盾,例如现代化的大型电子计算机使用的电子原件数目达几十万甚至几百万个元件,焊接点的数目也多得惊人如尽管人们事先对他们作精心挑选或,依然不能满足使用要求,如此众多的元件,焊点,只要有一个元件损坏,一个焊点脱落,便会使整个设备出现故障,而且空间研究方面人造地球卫星,宇宙航行飞船所运载的仪器愈来愈复杂,用晶体管无论在体积、重量、能源消耗上都不适应了,问题的提出,使器件进一步向微小型化、低功耗、高可靠方向发展。“人类总得不断地总结经验,有所发明,有所创造,有所前进”,1958年人们设想把一个电路所需要的晶体管二极管、电阻、电容同时在一个底底片上,经过一段时间摸索,到1964年成功了,这便是电子器件的第三代——集成电路（IC）。
I. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION The development of science has led to new contradictions in the application of transistors. For example, modern large-scale electronic computers use hundreds of thousands or even millions of electronic components, and the number of welding points is also large Astonishing as people despite their prior carefully selected or, still can not meet the requirements, so many components, solder joints, as long as there is a component damage, a solder off, it will make the entire equipment failure, and space research man-made The equipment carried by the earth satellites and the spacecraft is more and more complicated. The transistors are not suitable for the volume, the weight and the energy consumption. The problems are raised so that the devices are further miniaturized, low power consumption and highly reliable development of. “People always sum up experiences, invent things, create things and make progress.” In 1958, people envisioned that the transistor diodes, resistors and capacitors required by a circuit should be found on the same film at the same time. After a period of exploration, The success of 1964, this is the third generation of electronic devices - integrated circuits (ICs).