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锅炉结焦是指灰渣在高温下熔化后粘结在锅炉水冷壁、凝渣管、屏式过热器、冷灰斗的现象。锅炉结焦后,受热面换热热阻加大、吸热量减少,降低锅炉的出力和效率;使管壁受热不均容易破坏,并影响和破坏水循环;使过热蒸汽温度升高,过热器金属超温爆管;大渣块突然落下,引起锅炉灭火,甚至砸坏水冷壁管子,造成恶性事故。 1 锅炉结焦原因 1.1 煤质问题燃用煤种的煤质对锅炉的结焦有着根本的影响,结焦的内因受灰质的组成成分和熔化温度影响。煤灰对于高温受热面沾污结焦的倾向,可用灰熔点温度及灰的主要成分来判断煤灰的结渣指标。灰的成分对结渣特性的影响,可用结渣指数R_(jz)表示:
Boiler coking refers to the phenomenon that the ash is melted at high temperature and then bonded to the boiler water wall, condensate pipe, screen superheater, and cold ash bucket. Boiler coking, heating surface heat transfer resistance increases, reducing heat absorption, reducing boiler output and efficiency; uneven heat pipe wall easily destroyed and affect the water cycle and destruction; the superheated steam temperature increases, the superheater metal Over-temperature burst tube; large slag block suddenly dropped, causing the boiler to extinguish the fire, and even smashed the water wall tubes, causing a serious accident. 1 reasons for the boiler coke 1.1 The issue of coal quality Burning coal coal quality has a fundamental impact on the boiler coke, coke internal factors by the gray matter of the composition and melting temperature. Coal ash for high temperature heating surface contamination coke tendency, available ash melting temperature and the main component of ash to determine the slagging indicators. Ash composition of the slagging characteristics can be slagging index R_ (jz) said: