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在当前全球海外耕地投资活动加剧的时代背景下,系统梳理和总结当前海外耕地投资模式,将会有力化解中国企业的海外耕地投资风险和显著提升中国企业的投资成效。基于部门合作视角,利用当前典型海外耕地投资案例资料,采用文献分析法和案例分析法,探讨海外耕地投资模式。结果表明,当前主要有“公对公”、“公对私”和“私对私”三种典型的部门合作型海外耕地投资模式。其中,“公对公”模式的合作双方主要来自政府部门,投资可得到官方支持,项目成效突出,且推广效应明显;投资主导型“公对私”模式是具有官方背景的投资者与来自私人部门的被投资企业间的合作,一般前者资金实力雄厚,且对项目安全性要求较高;引资主导型“公对私”模式是被投资国政府部门与来自私人部门的投资企业之间的合作,并且前者对后者投资实力的筛选较为严格;“私对私”模式是一种在被投资国法律制度框架下的私人部门投资企业间合作,政府一般不参与其中,只负责提供相关管理和服务。研究表明,部门合作型海外耕地投资模式已演化出差异明显的表现形式、操作流程、投资特征和适用特点,中国政府应当在国家层面上重视对海外耕地投资的“公对公”模式和投资主导型“公对私”模式的推广和应用,中国投资企业应重视对国际上海外耕地投资的“私对私”模式和引资主导型“公对私”模式经验教训的总结与提炼。因此,在中国农业“走出去”战略和利用“两个市场、两种资源”的政策引导下,选择恰当的海外耕地投资模式,不仅是提升中国企业投资效益的需要,也是深入贯彻国家农业“走出去”战略和中国深入参与全球耕地资源再分配的应有之意。
Under the background of the current global aggravation of overseas farmland investment activities, systematically reviewing and concluding the current overseas cultivated land investment mode will effectively mitigate the risks of overseas farmland investment by Chinese enterprises and significantly enhance the investment returns of Chinese enterprises. Based on the perspectives of departmental cooperation, this paper uses the case data of typical typical overseas arable land investments and adopts literature analysis and case study methods to explore overseas investment in cultivated land. The results show that there are mainly three modes of cooperative overseas cultivated land investment: “public-to-public ”, “public-private ” and “private-to-private ”. Among them, the “public-to-public” model of cooperation mainly comes from the government departments, the investment can get official support, and the project has achieved outstanding results with obvious promotion effect. Investment-led “public-to-private” model is an investment with an official background The cooperation between the private sector and the investee enterprises in the private sector generally has the strength of the former capital and the high security requirements of the project. The leading model of “foreign direct investment” is the cooperation between the government department of the invested country and the private sector Investment cooperation between the enterprises, and the former is more rigorous screening of the latter’s investment strength; “private-to-private” model is a cooperation between private-sector investment enterprises under the legal framework of the country to be invested, and the government generally does not participate Among them, only responsible for providing relevant management and service. The research shows that the model of cooperative investment in overseas cultivated land has evolved significantly different manifestations, operational processes, investment characteristics and applicable characteristics. The Chinese government should attach importance to the “public-to-public” model of overseas cultivated land investment at the national level and Investment-led and “public-to-private” model promotion and application, Chinese investment enterprises should attach importance to the “private-to-private” model of foreign-invested land acquisition in Shanghai and the lessons learned from the “public-private” model of attracting investment Summary and refinement. Therefore, under the guidance of China’s agricultural “going out ” strategy and the policy of using “two markets and two resources ”, choosing an appropriate mode of overseas cultivated land investment is not only necessary for enhancing the investment returns of Chinese enterprises, but also in-depth Carrying out the strategy of national agriculture “going global” and China’s in-depth participation in the redistribution of cultivated land resources in the world.