翼状胬肉是眼科常见病、多发病，复发率高。近年来，众多的研究主要集中在对治疗方法的探索上，然而疗效仍不尽人意，复发率居高不下。目前对其治疗和防治复发依然是眼科临床较为棘手的问题。本文着重从免疫病理学、细胞生物学和分子生物学等角度对翼状胬肉发病机制综述如下，以期用于指导临床实践。 Pterygium is a common eye disease, frequently-occurring disease, high recurrence rate. In recent years, many researches mainly focus on the exploration of treatment methods. However, the curative effect is still unsatisfactory and the recurrence rate remains high. Currently its treatment and prevention and treatment of relapse is still the ophthalmology more difficult problem. This article focuses on immunopathology, cell biology and molecular biology perspective of the pathogenesis of pterygium summarized below, with a view to guide clinical practice.