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为了探明不同厚度地膜对土壤物理性状及地膜残留量的影响,采用大田定位试验,连续4年对玉米田分别进行0.006 mm、0.008 mm(CK)、0.010 mm、0.012 mm厚地膜覆盖处理。结果表明:10~40 cm土层,随着地膜厚度的增加,土壤紧实度和土壤容重降低。0.010 mm、0.012 mm处理土壤容重比0.008 mm(CK)分别降低了1.25%、2.43%,而0.006 mm处理比CK提高0.76%。2玉米播种至大喇叭口期,0.006 mm、0.010 mm、0.012mm处理0~5 cm土层分别日均土壤温度比CK提高-0.90℃、0.23℃和0.40℃;5~10 cm比CK提高-0.50℃、0.19℃和0.28℃。且随玉米生育进程的推进,增温效应逐渐弱化。3在灌水第25 d,0~100 cm土层,0.006mm、0.008 mm、0.010 mm、0.012 mm处理土壤储水量分别为166.73 mm、170.42 mm、190.00 mm、195.97 mm,比灌水第5 d分别下降46.81%、45.75%、39.32%、37.62%。4在0~30 cm土层,残留地膜量浅层显著多于深层,面积小于4 cm2小块膜片数显著多于面积为4~25 cm2和≥25 cm2的中、大膜块。0.006 mm、0.008 mm、0.010mm、0.012 mm处理4年累计残膜量分别为79.03 kg/hm2、57.68 kg/hm2、50.32 kg/hm2、53.58 kg/hm2,0.006 mm处理残留量显著高于CK。综合分析连续覆盖不同厚度地膜对土壤物理性状及地膜残留量的影响,建议在农业生产中推广使用厚度0.008 mm以上的地膜。
In order to find out the effect of different thickness of plastic film on the physical properties of soil and the residual amount of mulched film, field experiments were conducted to test the maize field for 0.006 mm, 0.008 mm (CK), 0.010 mm and 0.012 mm thick for four consecutive years. The results show that soil compaction and soil bulk density decrease with the increase of film thickness in 10-40 cm soil layer. The soil bulk density ratios of 0.010 mm and 0.012 mm decreased by 1.25% and 0.002 mm (CK) by 2.43% and 0.76% respectively when compared with 0.006 mm CK. Compared with CK, the daily average soil temperature increased by -0.90 ℃, 0.23 ℃ and 0.40 ℃, respectively. The soil temperature of 5 ~ 10 cm was higher than that of CK - 0.50 ° C, 0.19 ° C and 0.28 ° C. And with the progress of maize growth, the warming effect gradually weakened. 3 In the 0 ~ 100 cm soil layer on the 25th day of irrigation, the soil water storage capacities of 0.006mm, 0.008mm, 0.010mm and 0.012mm were 166.73mm, 170.42mm, 190.00mm and 195.97mm, respectively, lower than those on the 5th day 46.81%, 45.75%, 39.32%, 37.62%. 4 In 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer, the amount of residual film in the shallow layer is significantly more than that in the deep layer, and the area of the small patch with the area less than 4 cm2 is significantly larger than those with the area of 4 ~ 25 cm2 and ≥25 cm2. The accumulated residues of 0.006 mm, 0.008 mm, 0.010 mm and 0.012 mm for four years were 79.03 kg / hm2, 57.68 kg / hm2, 50.32 kg / hm2, 53.58 kg / hm2 and 0.005 mg, respectively. Comprehensive analysis of continuous coverage of different thickness of the plastic film on the soil physical properties and residual film, it is recommended in agricultural production to promote the use of more than 0.008 mm thick film.