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目的分析北京市儿童青少年1955—2014年身高、体质量的变化情况。方法利用1955—1975年公开发表的文献资料、1985—2014年全国学生体质与健康调研资料以及日本文部科学省颁布的数据,分析并比较北京市和日本7~17岁中小学生身高、体质量的变化情况。结果北京市儿童青少年1955—2014年身高、体质量总体呈上升趋势。2014年北京市17岁男、女生身高分别达到175.85、162.67 cm。1955—2014年男、女生身高总增幅分别为13.15、10.75 cm,平均增速分别为2.23 cm/10年和1.82 cm/10年。2014年17岁男、女生体质量分别达到70.86、56.29 kg。1955—2014年男、女儿童体质量总增幅分别为15.95、6.87 kg,平均增速分别为2.70 kg/10年和1.65 kg/10年。北京市儿童青少年的身高、体质量均高于日本儿童青少年,且差距逐渐增大。结论北京市儿童青少年1955—2014年身高、体质量总体呈现上升趋势,并经历了从加速增长期到增速减缓期的变化。
Objective To analyze the changes of height and body mass of children and adolescents in Beijing from 1955 to 2014. Methods Based on the published literatures from 1955 to 1975, the data of national students’ physique and health survey from 1985 to 2014 and the data published by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the author analyzed and compared the height and body mass of primary and secondary school students between 7 and 17 in Beijing and Japan Changes. Results The height and body mass of children and adolescents in Beijing from 1955 to 2014 showed an overall upward trend. In 2014, the 17-year-old boys and girls in Beijing reached 175.85,162.67 cm in height. The total height growth of boys and girls in 1955-2014 was 13.15 and 10.75 cm, respectively, with an average growth rate of 2.23 cm / 10 and 1.82 cm / 10 years respectively. In 2014, the body mass of 17-year-old male and female reached 70.86 and 56.29 kg respectively. The total mass growth of boys and girls between 1955 and 2014 was 15.95 and 6.87 kg, respectively, with average growth rates of 2.70 kg / 10 and 1.65 kg / 10 years respectively. The height and weight of children and adolescents in Beijing are higher than that of Japanese children and adolescents, and the gap is gradually widening. Conclusion The height and body mass of children and adolescents in Beijing from 1955 to 2014 show an overall upward trend and have undergone changes from the accelerated growth period to the slowing growth period.