一、结构研究——社会学基本视角结构主义在20世纪60年代以前的欧洲有极大的影响,在美国,因为帕森斯的结构功能主义,结构主义也成为了最流行的理论。西方理论家认为它是解决理论问题和政治问题的重要方案。因为随着战后经济的恢复、发展和繁荣,人们再也不能忍受存在主义所渲染的悲观、失望和非理性情绪了。20世纪60年代参加反抗运动的学生们也认识到他们需要一种理论,既作为他们批判资产阶级意识形态的理论基础,又作为他们政治活动的理论基础。这样,作为一种系统的理论框架的结构主义,在当时流行起来就不奇怪了。传统的结构主义有三个基本前提:第一,社会结构是一 I. Structural Studies - A Basic Perspective of Sociology Structuralism had a tremendous impact in Europe before the 1960s. In the United States, structuralism has also become the most popular theory because of Parsons’ structural functionalism. Western theorists consider it an important solution to both theoretical and political issues. Because with the recovery, development and prosperity of the post-war economy, people can no longer tolerate the pessimism, disappointment and irrationality existentialism has rendered. Students who participated in the resistance movement in the 1960s also realized that they needed a theory as both a theoretical basis for their critique of bourgeois ideology and a theoretical basis for their political activities. In this way, structuralism as a theoretical framework of the system was not surprising at the time. Traditional structuralism has three basic premises: First, the social structure is one