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引言板块构造及其有关的地幔对流的框架,可用作描述发生在地幔和地面之间的物质转移的指南。例如,火山作用可再分为三个类型:洋脊火山作用、俯冲消亡带火山作用、板块内部火山作用。另一方面,由于广泛使用微量元素和放射性同位素作为地质现象的天然示踪剂,促进了地球化学的发展,产生了解决地球内主要化学过程的新方法。例如,~3He 在地幔物质中的存在对地球的去气历史提供了限制。
INTRODUCTION The tectonics and associated mantle convection frameworks can be used as a guide to describe the material transfer that takes place between the mantle and the ground. For example, volcanism can be subdivided into three more types: the role of the oceanic ridge volcano, the volcanism of the extinction of the subduction zone, the volcanism within the plate. On the other hand, the widespread use of trace elements and radioisotopes as natural tracers of geological phenomena has contributed to the development of geochemistry and has led to new methods of resolving major chemical processes in the Earth. For example, the presence of ~ 3He in the mantle material provides a limit to the history of the Earth’s deglazing.