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近年来,拉美地区人民开始重新审视“华盛顿政策”的优缺点。投资体制的自由化是“华盛顿共识”中的一个关键性政策,但是许多新任政府已开始从新定义FDI(外国直接投资)在其国家所扮演的角色。事实上,已有部分国家开始将外资企业国有化。本文主要关注点是向地区政府证明调整FDI发展路径的合理性。通过回顾拉丁美洲三个国家在改革期间有关FDI的文献发现:作为改革的结果,当地鲜有外国直接投资实现,这同我们通常认为的FDI对经济发展工作所起的作用相去甚远。
In recent years, the people in Latin America have begun to re-examine the advantages and disadvantages of the “Washington Policy.” Liberalization of the investment system is a key policy in the Washington Consensus, but many new governments have begun to redefine the role of FDI in their countries. In fact, some countries have started to nationalize foreign-funded enterprises. The main focus of this paper is to justify to regional governments the justification of the path to FDI development. By reviewing the literature on FDI in the three Latin American countries during the reform period, we find that as a result of the reform, there is scarce direct foreign investment in the region, far from the role that we generally think of as FDI in economic development.