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本文解剖了50具成人尸体的100侧颞浅动脉和枕动脉。观察了此二动脉及其分支在头皮的走行、分支分布情况,并测量了它们的长度、外径、内径和管壁厚度。 1.颞浅动脉主干自外耳门前方行向上前,平均前倾角度为12.44±8.16°,68.68±4.66％位于颞浅静脉和耳颞神经的前方。其上行长度平均为3.38±1.04厘米,外径为1.64±0.42毫米,内径为1.19±0.10毫米,壁厚为0.23±0.08毫米。 2.颞浅动脉顶支行向上后,后倾角度平均为25.92±10.09°,长度为7.56±1.63厘米,多无静脉伴行。其分支类型有主干型、分支型和双干型三种。血管外径为1.24±0.28毫米,内径为0.91±0.19毫米,壁厚为0.17±0.06毫米。在B点附近顶支管径≤0.50毫米者占7.45±2.71％。 3.颞浅动脉额支行向前上,至额结节或眶外上角上方附近转向上至颅顶。其外径平均为1.31±0.35毫米,内径为0.91±0.29毫米,壁厚为0.18±0.08毫米。 4.枕动脉多数穿斜方肌与胸锁乳突附着点之间的筋膜浅出,少数穿斜方肌或胸锁乳突肌的肌纤维。其穿出点位于枕外隆凸下方2.23±1.12厘米、中线外侧3.44±0.85厘米。其分支类型有主干型、二支型和丛状分支型三种。枕动脉的外径平均为1.47±0.41毫米,内径为1.13±0.29毫米,壁厚为0.18±0.08毫米。
In this paper, 100 adult temporal superficial and occipital arteries of 50 adult cadavers were dissected. The movement and branch distribution of the two arteries and their branches on the scalp were observed, and their length, outer diameter, inner diameter and wall thickness were measured. 1. The main trunk of the superficial temporal artery was anterior to the anterior auricular line, with an average anteversion angle of 12.44 ± 8.16 ° and 68.68 ± 4.66% in front of the superficial temporal veins and the temporal ear nerve. The average length of its upstream is 3.38 ± 1.04 cm, the outer diameter of 1.64 ± 0.42 mm, the inner diameter of 1.19 ± 0.10 mm, the wall thickness of 0.23 ± 0.08 mm. 2. After the superficial temporal artery branches up, the average inclination angle is 25.92 ± 10.09 ° and the length is 7.56 ± 1.63 cm. The branch types are trunk type, branch type and double-dry three. The vessel diameter was 1.24 ± 0.28 mm with an internal diameter of 0.91 ± 0.19 mm and a wall thickness of 0.17 ± 0.06 mm. In the vicinity of point B top branch diameter ≤ 0.50 mm accounted for 7.45 ± 2.71%. 3. Forehead superficial temporal artery branch forward, to the amount of nodules or near the top of the orbital angle turned up to the top of the skull. The outer diameter averaged 1.31 ± 0.35 mm, the inner diameter was 0.91 ± 0.29 mm and the wall thickness was 0.18 ± 0.08 mm. Most of the occipital artery trabeculectomy and sternocleidomastoid attachment between the shallow fascia, a small number of trapezius or sternocleidomastoid muscle fibers. The puncture point is located below the pillow outside the convex 2.23 ± 1.12 cm, 3.44 ± 0.85 cm outside the midline. The branch type trunk type, two branch and plexiform branch three. The average diameter of the occipital artery was 1.47 ± 0.41 mm with an internal diameter of 1.13 ± 0.29 mm and a wall thickness of 0.18 ± 0.08 mm.