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选取体质健康、均重为(180±28)g的大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)420尾,随机分成4组(对照组和3个不同菌剂水平的实验组),每组3个重复,每个重复35尾。对照组投喂基础饲料,实验组分别投喂添加1%、3%和5%芽孢杆菌和酵母菌复合益生菌制剂(BSCP)的基础饲料42 d。结果发现,大西洋鲑投喂1%–5%的BSCP后生长性能得到明显改善,增重率显著升高(P<0.05),饵料系数和死亡率显著降低(P<0.05);饲料蛋白质的表观消化率呈升高的趋势,5%组蛋白质消化率具有显著性差异(P<0.05),但其脂肪表观消化率显著降低(P<0.05);实验组肠道和肝脏蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性有不同程度的升高,但其中5%组肝脏脂肪酶活性显著降低(P<0.05);实验组肝脏免疫指标表现出不同程度的改善,但其血清免疫指标无明显变化,仅中高剂量组SOD活性显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明,BSCP可以显著提高大西洋鲑的生长性能,提高部分消化酶活性和蛋白质的消化率,并在一定程度上促进大西洋鲑的非特异性免疫能力,其饲料中适宜添加水平为3%。
Forty-two Salmo salar individuals weighing 180 ± 28 g were randomly assigned to 4 groups (control group and 3 experimental groups with different levels of antibiotics), with 3 replicates in each group Repeat 35. The control group was fed with basal diet, and the experimental group was fed with basal diet supplemented with 1%, 3% and 5% Bacillus subtilis and yeast probiotic compound (BSCP) for 42 days respectively. The results showed that the growth performance of Atlantic salmon was significantly improved after BSCP was added at 1% -5%, the weight gain rate was significantly increased (P <0.05) and the feed efficiency and mortality were significantly decreased (P <0.05) (P <0.05). However, the apparent digestibility of fat was significantly decreased (P <0.05). The protease and lipase in the intestine and liver of experimental group were significantly increased (P <0.05). The liver immune index of the experimental group showed different degrees of improvement, but there was no significant change in the serum immune index. Only the middle-high dose group SOD activity was significantly lower (P <0.05). The results showed that BSCP could significantly improve the growth performance of Atlantic salmon, increase the activity of digestive enzymes and digestibility of protein, and promote the non-specific immunity of Atlantic salmon to some extent. The appropriate level of BSCP in feed was 3%.