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溶酶体在细胞各种生命活动,如物质代谢、细胞膜循环、细胞凋亡中发挥着重要作用.将溶酶体可视化,并对其活性物种、特定微环境及关键生理过程进行检测,不仅有助于理解溶酶体参与生命活动的分子机制,而且对疾病的治疗具有重要的指导意义.近年来,许多靶向溶酶体的荧光探针被相继报道,其检测对象包括还原性物种、活性氧、活性氮、氢离子、金属离子、阴离子以及生物酶等,还包括对温度、粘度、极性、p H等微环境的检测.溶酶体的荧光探针的定位机制分为三类:利用溶酶体的酸性生理环境、利用溶酶体的物质代谢功能以及利用溶酶体特殊的膜蛋白或水解酶.对近年来出现的主要溶酶体荧光探针进行了总结与评述,展望了溶酶体荧光探针应用于探究重要细胞生理过程的分子机制,以及相关疾病诊断方面的发展趋势.
Lysosomes play an important role in various cell life activities, such as metabolism, cell membrane circulation and apoptosis.Lysosomes are visualized and their active species, specific microenvironment and key physiological processes are detected, not only Which helps to understand the molecular mechanism of lysosomes participating in life activities and has important guiding significance for the treatment of diseases.In recent years, many lysosomal-targeting fluorescent probes have been reported in succession, including reducing species, activity Oxygen, reactive nitrogen, hydrogen ions, metal ions, anions and biological enzymes, but also the detection of microenvironment such as temperature, viscosity, polarity, p H etc. The localization mechanism of the lysosomal fluorescent probe is divided into three categories: The use of lysosomal acidic physiological environment, the use of lysosomal material metabolism and the use of lysosomal membrane protein or hydrolase. The major lysosomal fluorescent probe appeared in recent years were summarized and reviewed Lysosomal fluorescence probes are used to explore the molecular mechanisms of important cellular processes and trends in the diagnosis of related diseases.